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A Chinese vowel diagram or Chinese vowel chart is a schematic arrangement of the vowels of the Chinese language, which usually refers to Standard Chinese. The earliest known Chinese vowel diagrams were made public in 1920 by Chinese linguist Yi Tso-lin with the publication of his Lectures on Chinese Phonetics, three years after Daniel Jones published the famous "cardinal vowel diagram" in 1917. Yi Tso-lin refers to those diagrams as "(simple/compound) rhyme composition charts [單/複韻構成圖]", which are diagrams depicting Chinese monophthongs and diphthongs.

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  • Chinese vowel diagram (en)
  • 國語元音圖 (zh)
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  • 國語元音圖是在二維空間内描述現代標準漢語元音發音部位前後高低的示意圖。中國最早的元音圖見於1920年出版的《國音學講義》一書（易作霖編著，商務印書館出版），時間上比英國語音學家英語：丹尼爾·瓊斯，羅馬化：Daniel Jones發明的僅僅滯後三年。 (zh)
  • A Chinese vowel diagram or Chinese vowel chart is a schematic arrangement of the vowels of the Chinese language, which usually refers to Standard Chinese. The earliest known Chinese vowel diagrams were made public in 1920 by Chinese linguist Yi Tso-lin with the publication of his Lectures on Chinese Phonetics, three years after Daniel Jones published the famous "cardinal vowel diagram" in 1917. Yi Tso-lin refers to those diagrams as "(simple/compound) rhyme composition charts [單/複韻構成圖]", which are diagrams depicting Chinese monophthongs and diphthongs. (en)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chn_vowels_1.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chn_vowels_2.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chn_vowels_3.jpg
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  • A Chinese vowel diagram or Chinese vowel chart is a schematic arrangement of the vowels of the Chinese language, which usually refers to Standard Chinese. The earliest known Chinese vowel diagrams were made public in 1920 by Chinese linguist Yi Tso-lin with the publication of his Lectures on Chinese Phonetics, three years after Daniel Jones published the famous "cardinal vowel diagram" in 1917. Yi Tso-lin refers to those diagrams as "(simple/compound) rhyme composition charts [單/複韻構成圖]", which are diagrams depicting Chinese monophthongs and diphthongs. Unlike the trapezoidal English vowel diagram (right), the Chinese vowel diagram (left) is triangular. The phonetic symbols used in this diagram are known as the "National Phonetic Alphabet [注音字母]" or "National Phonetic Symbols [注音符號]" or simply "Bopomofo". Six vowels or monophthongs (simple rhyme or 單韻) are depicted in this diagram. They are: * ㄧ (IPA [i]), as in ㄧˋ (易, easy) * ㄨ (IPA [u]), as in ㄨˋ (霧, fog) * ㄦ (IPA [ɚ]), as in ㄦˋ (二, two) * ㄛ (IPA [o]), as in ㄆㄛˋ (破, broken) * ㄜ (IPA [ɤ]), as in ㄜˋ (餓, hungry) * ㄚ (IPA [a]), as in ㄆㄚˋ (怕, fear) Note that this chart utilizes four degrees of vowel height (closed, half-closed, half-open, open), three degrees of vowel backness (front, central, back), and three degrees of vowel roundedness (spread, natural, round). The placement of ㄦ([ɚ]) may be questionable, but all other vowels are generally speaking where they ought to be. The same vowel chart is used to depict diphthongs (compound rhyme or 複韻), with an arrow indicating the starting position and ending position of each diphthong. Six falling diphthongs are depicted in the following diagram. They are： * ㄩ (IPA [y]), as in ㄩˋ (玉, jade) * ㄝ (IPA [e̞]), as in ㄧㄝˋ (夜, night) * ㄟ (IPA [ei̯]), as in ㄌㄟˋ (累, tired) * ㄡ (IPA [oʊ̯]), as in ㄉㄡˋ (豆, bean) * ㄞ (IPA [ai̯]), as in ㄉㄞˋ (帶, belt) * ㄠ (IPA [ɑʊ̯]), as in ㄉㄠˋ (道, way) The reason why apparent monophthongs ㄩ [y] and ㄝ [e̞] are included in this chart is purely phonological and historical. According to this theory, those two vowels are really diphthongs, i.e. ㄧㄨ [i̯u] and ㄧㄝ [i̯e̞]. Even so, those vowels should be considered "rising diphthongs" on a par with those in the next diagram. The next diagram depicts four rising diphthongs, as follows: * ㄧㄛ (IPA [i̯o]), as in ㄧㄛˋ (唷, an interjection) * ㄨㄛ (IPA [u̯o]), as in ㄨㄛˋ (臥, lie) * ㄧㄚ (IPA [i̯a]), as in ㄧㄚˋ (亞, Asia) * ㄨㄚ (IPA [u̯a]), as in ㄨㄚˋ (襪, socks) (en)
  • 國語元音圖是在二維空間内描述現代標準漢語元音發音部位前後高低的示意圖。中國最早的元音圖見於1920年出版的《國音學講義》一書（易作霖編著，商務印書館出版），時間上比英國語音學家英語：丹尼爾·瓊斯，羅馬化：Daniel Jones發明的僅僅滯後三年。 (zh)
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