A chromatoid body is a dense structure in the cytoplasm of male germ cells. It is composed mainly of RNAs and RNA-binding proteins and is thus a type of RNP granule. Chromatoid body-like granules first appear in spermatocytes and condense into a single granule in round spermatids. The structure disappears again when spermatids start to elongate. The chromatoid body is crucial for spermatogenesis but its exact role in the process is not known. Following significant strides in the understanding of small non-coding RNA mediated gene regulation and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNA) and their roles in germline development, the function of Chromatoid Bodies (CB) has been somewhat elucidated. However, due to similarities with RNP granules found in somatic cells – such as stress granules and processin
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| - A chromatoid body is a dense structure in the cytoplasm of male germ cells. It is composed mainly of RNAs and RNA-binding proteins and is thus a type of RNP granule. Chromatoid body-like granules first appear in spermatocytes and condense into a single granule in round spermatids. The structure disappears again when spermatids start to elongate. The chromatoid body is crucial for spermatogenesis but its exact role in the process is not known. Following significant strides in the understanding of small non-coding RNA mediated gene regulation and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNA) and their roles in germline development, the function of Chromatoid Bodies (CB) has been somewhat elucidated. However, due to similarities with RNP granules found in somatic cells – such as stress granules and processin (en)
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| - A chromatoid body is a dense structure in the cytoplasm of male germ cells. It is composed mainly of RNAs and RNA-binding proteins and is thus a type of RNP granule. Chromatoid body-like granules first appear in spermatocytes and condense into a single granule in round spermatids. The structure disappears again when spermatids start to elongate. The chromatoid body is crucial for spermatogenesis but its exact role in the process is not known. Following significant strides in the understanding of small non-coding RNA mediated gene regulation and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNA) and their roles in germline development, the function of Chromatoid Bodies (CB) has been somewhat elucidated. However, due to similarities with RNP granules found in somatic cells – such as stress granules and processing bodies – chromatoid body is thought to be involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Postmeiotic germ cell differentiation induces the accumulation of piRNAs and proteins of piRNA machinery along with several distinct RNA regulator proteins. Although evidence suggests CB involvement in mRNA regulation and small RNA mediated gene regulation, the mechanism of action remains obscure. Mammalian male germ cells are characterized by distinct RNA- and protein-rich cytoplasmic domains clearly observed by electron microscopy and occasionally visible in light microscopy. These non-membranous structures are called germinal granules, germline granules, or germ granules, or Nuage (meaning ‘cloud’, in French) because of their amorphous cloud-like appearance. In late pachytene spermatocytes, a kind of Nuage appears to be associated with the nuclear envelope and intermingled with small vesicles, but not associated with mitochondria, and it is believed to provide precursor material for the CB. By the late diplotene stage, prominent germ granule structures are disintegrated, but in secondary spermatocytes, the CB-like material aggregates again into large (0.5 mm) dense bodies. After meiosis in step 1 round spermatids, these dense bodies aggregate and form one single big granule per cell, which is commonly called the CB. (en)
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