About: Circus offensive

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Circus was the codename given to operations by the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the Second World War where bombers, with a mass escort of fighters, were sent over continental Europe to bring Luftwaffe fighters into combat. These were usually formations of 20 to 30 bombers escorted by up to 16 squadrons of escort fighters. Bomber formations of this size could not be ignored by the Luftwaffe. The "Hurribomber", a fighter-bomber development of the Hawker Hurricane, was used with better results, although the small bomb load carried by this aircraft caused little damage.

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rdf:type	yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:Action114006945 yago:Attribute100024264 yago:Operation114008806 yago:State100024720 yago:WikicatAerialOperationsAndBattlesOfWorldWarII yago:WikicatAerialOperationsAndBattlesOfWorldWarIIInvolvingTheUnitedKingdom
rdfs:label	Circus offensive (en) Operacja Circus (pl)
rdfs:comment	Operacja Circus (pol. Cyrk) – rodzaj dziennych działań taktycznych Royal Air Force prowadzonych w czasie II wojny światowej. (pl) Circus was the codename given to operations by the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the Second World War where bombers, with a mass escort of fighters, were sent over continental Europe to bring Luftwaffe fighters into combat. These were usually formations of 20 to 30 bombers escorted by up to 16 squadrons of escort fighters. Bomber formations of this size could not be ignored by the Luftwaffe. The "Hurribomber", a fighter-bomber development of the Hawker Hurricane, was used with better results, although the small bomb load carried by this aircraft caused little damage. (en)
foaf:depiction
dcterms:subject	Aerial operations and battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom History of the Royal Air Force during World War II World War II aerial operations and battles of the Western European Theatre
Wikipage page ID	25016449 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1121779139 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	Royal Air Force Ruhr Battle of Britain Lille Short Stirling Bristol Blenheim Air Ministry No. 2 Group RAF No. 5 Group RAF Handley Page Hampden Hawker Hurricane Aerial operations and battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom History of the Royal Air Force during World War II Charles Portal, 1st Viscount Portal of Hungerford Chief of the Air Staff (United Kingdom) World War II aerial operations and battles of the Western European Theatre Bomber Fighter-bomber Operation Barbarossa Operation Ramrod 16 RAF Bomber Command Second World War Royal Air Force daylight raids, 1940–1944 Targets of opportunity HMSO Bethune
Link from a Wikipage to an external page	http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/UK/UK-RAF-III/index.html http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/UK/UK-RAF-I/ http://spitfiresite.com/2010/04/1941-royal-air-force-offensive.html
sameAs	Circus offensive Circus offensive Circus offensive Circus offensive Circus offensive
dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate	dbt:Centre dbt:Citation dbt:Cite_book dbt:Efn dbt:ISBN dbt:Notelist dbt:Reflist dbt:Short_description dbt:Use_British_English dbt:Use_dmy_dates dbt:World_War_II
thumbnail	wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Handley_Page_Hampden_in_the_air.jpg?width=300
has abstract	Circus was the codename given to operations by the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the Second World War where bombers, with a mass escort of fighters, were sent over continental Europe to bring Luftwaffe fighters into combat. These were usually formations of 20 to 30 bombers escorted by up to 16 squadrons of escort fighters. Bomber formations of this size could not be ignored by the Luftwaffe. At first medium bombers such as the Handley Page Hampden were used but even with many escorts they were too vulnerable to flak and German fighters. The Hampdens were replaced with Bristol Blenheim light bombers but those fared no better. Heavy bombers such as the Short Stirling were easier to escort but after several missions Bomber Command needed them back. The "Hurribomber", a fighter-bomber development of the Hawker Hurricane, was used with better results, although the small bomb load carried by this aircraft caused little damage. There were other codenames for similar missions. * Ramrod: similar to Circus but with destroying a target being the principal aim. An example would be Operation Ramrod 16. * Ranger: large fighter formation intrusion over occupied territory with aim of wearing down German fighter force. * Roadstead: low-level attack on coastal shipping. * Rhubarb: small-scale freelance fighter sorties against ground targets of opportunity. (en) Operacja Circus (pol. Cyrk) – rodzaj dziennych działań taktycznych Royal Air Force prowadzonych w czasie II wojny światowej. (pl)
prov:wasDerivedFrom	wikipedia-en:Circus_offensive?oldid=1121779139&ns=0
page length (characters) of wiki page	8272 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf	wikipedia-en:Circus_offensive
is Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage of	Rolf Pingel Defence of the Reich Hugo Sperrle Johnnie Johnson (RAF officer) Josef Bryks Josef Jennewein Josef Priller Paul Galland Peter Vaughan-Fowler Robert Bungey Geoffrey Wellum Georg-Peter Eder Gerhard Schöpfel Thomas W. Horton (RAF officer) Luftwaffe Sholto Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas of Kirtleside Short Stirling Bréhon Tower Trafford Leigh-Mallory Walter Adolph Walter Oesau Wilhelm-Ferdinand Galland Wilhelm Mayer (fighter pilot) Circus (disambiguation) Adolf Galland Adolf Glunz No. 303 Squadron RAF No. 485 Squadron RNZAF No. 88 Squadron RAF Otto Wessling Paddy Finucane

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