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Commentarii (Latin, Greek: hupomnemata) are notes to assist the memory, or memoranda. This original idea of the word gave rise to a variety of meanings: notes and abstracts of speeches for the assistance of orators; family memorials, the origin of many of the legends introduced into early Roman history from a desire to glorify a particular family; and diaries of events occurring in their own circle kept by private individuals. An example of this is the day-book drawn up for Trimalchio in Petronius's Satyricon (Satyricon, 53) by his actuarius, a slave to whom the duty was specially assigned. Other commentarii were memoirs of events in which they had taken part drawn up by public men. Examples of these are the Commentaries of Caesar: Commentarii de Bello Gallico on the Gallic Wars and Commen

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  • Commentarii (en)
  • Commentarii (de)
  • Commentario (it)
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  • I commentarii (forma nominativo plurale del sostantivo latino "commentarius, i", traslitterato in italiano «commentario») sono degli scritti attraverso i quali, dalla fine del II secolo a.C., venivano narrate le proprie gesta da parte di chi aveva compiuto imprese ritenute memorabili come pretori, censori, consoli, generali vittoriosi. (it)
  • Commentarii (Latin, Greek: hupomnemata) are notes to assist the memory, or memoranda. This original idea of the word gave rise to a variety of meanings: notes and abstracts of speeches for the assistance of orators; family memorials, the origin of many of the legends introduced into early Roman history from a desire to glorify a particular family; and diaries of events occurring in their own circle kept by private individuals. An example of this is the day-book drawn up for Trimalchio in Petronius's Satyricon (Satyricon, 53) by his actuarius, a slave to whom the duty was specially assigned. Other commentarii were memoirs of events in which they had taken part drawn up by public men. Examples of these are the Commentaries of Caesar: Commentarii de Bello Gallico on the Gallic Wars and Commen (en)
  • Commentarii ist der Plural des lateinischen Wortes commentarius (deutsch Aufzeichnung, griechisch Hypomnema) und bezeichnete zunächst Notizen oder Aufzeichnungen, die von römischen Beamten, Staatsmännern oder Privatleuten in Form eines Tagebuchs oder Journals geführt wurden. Später bezeichneten sie auch eine literarische Gattung, dessen bekannteste Beispiele Gaius Iulius Caesars Werke über den Gallischen Krieg (commentarii de bello Gallico) und den Bürgerkrieg (commentarii de bello civili) sind. (de)
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  • Commentarii (en)
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  • Commentarii (Latin, Greek: hupomnemata) are notes to assist the memory, or memoranda. This original idea of the word gave rise to a variety of meanings: notes and abstracts of speeches for the assistance of orators; family memorials, the origin of many of the legends introduced into early Roman history from a desire to glorify a particular family; and diaries of events occurring in their own circle kept by private individuals. An example of this is the day-book drawn up for Trimalchio in Petronius's Satyricon (Satyricon, 53) by his actuarius, a slave to whom the duty was specially assigned. Other commentarii were memoirs of events in which they had taken part drawn up by public men. Examples of these are the Commentaries of Caesar: Commentarii de Bello Gallico on the Gallic Wars and Commentarii de Bello Civili on the civil wars; another example is that of Cicero on his consulship. Different departments of the imperial administration and certain high functionaries kept records, which were under the charge of an official known as a commentariis (cf. a secretis, ab epistulis). Municipal authorities also kept a register of their official acts. The Commentarii Principis were the register of the official acts of the emperor. They contained the decisions, favourable or unfavourable, in regard to certain citizens; accusations brought before him or ordered by him; and lists of persons in receipt of special privileges. These must be distinguished from the commentarii diurni, a daily court-journal. At a later period records called ephemerides were kept by order of the emperor; these were much used by the collection of biographies known as Scriptores Historiae Augustae (see Augustan History). The Commentarii Senatus, only once mentioned (Tacitus, Annals, xv. 74) are probably identical with the Acta Senatus. There were also Commentarii of the priestly colleges: (a) Pontificum, collections of their decrees and responses for future reference, to be distinguished from their Annales, which were historical records, and from their Acta, minutes of their meetings; (b) Augurum, similar collections of augural decrees and responses; (c) Decemvirorum; (d) Fratrum Arvalium. Like the priests, the magistrates also had similar notes, partly written by themselves, and partly records of which they formed the subject. But practically nothing is known of these Commentarii Magistratuum. Mention should also be made of the Commentarii Regum, containing decrees concerning the functions and privileges of the kings, and forming a record of the acts of the king in his capacity of priest. They were drawn up in historical times like the so-called leges regiae (jus Papirianum), supposed to contain the decrees and decisions of the Roman kings. (en)
  • Commentarii ist der Plural des lateinischen Wortes commentarius (deutsch Aufzeichnung, griechisch Hypomnema) und bezeichnete zunächst Notizen oder Aufzeichnungen, die von römischen Beamten, Staatsmännern oder Privatleuten in Form eines Tagebuchs oder Journals geführt wurden. Später bezeichneten sie auch eine literarische Gattung, dessen bekannteste Beispiele Gaius Iulius Caesars Werke über den Gallischen Krieg (commentarii de bello Gallico) und den Bürgerkrieg (commentarii de bello civili) sind. Die commentarii in dieser ursprünglichen Verwendung waren das älteste vorliterarische Genos im Lateinischen. Der liber commentarius war ein privates Haushaltsbuch, das Römer zur Verwaltung ihrer persönlichen Angelegenheiten führten. Demgegenüber standen als früheste öffentliche Aufzeichnungen in Prosa die commentarii diverser Staatsämter und Verwaltungen (z. B. commentarii consulares, commentarii censorii und die commentarii der Statthalter); diese als Rechenschaftsberichte abgefassten Texte verzeichneten neben Ein- und Ausgaben auch wichtige Ereignisse oder Vorkommnisse. Die commentarii sacerdotum waren die Aufzeichnungen der römischen Priesterkollegien. Zu ihnen gehörten die commentarii pontificum und commentarii augurum. Die commentarii pontificum enthielten zum Beispiel Berichte über religiöse Aktivitäten, den Zustand der Tempel, religiöse Gesetze und Ähnliches mehr. Während der Kaiserzeit gab es die commentarii principum, die unter anderem die Erlasse und Edikte des Reiches umfassten und auch Berichte zu Straf- und Zivilprozessen, die vom Kaiser persönlich angehört wurden, enthielten. Zu ihnen gehörten auch die commentarii beneficiorum, die die vom Kaiser erteilten Privilegien verzeichneten. Die mit der Erstellung und Verwaltung der Aufzeichnungen beauftragten Beamten wurden als a commentariis bezeichnet. Aus diesen privaten und amtlichen Aufzeichnungen heraus entwickelten sich die commentarii später auch zu einem literarischen Genos weiter. Sie stellten dann eine Art von Autobiographien dar, die als geeignetes Mittel zur politischen Selbstdarstellung angesehen wurden. Das bekannteste Beispiel hierfür sind Gaius Iulius Caesars Werke über den Gallischen Krieg (commentarii de bello Gallico) und den Bürgerkrieg (commentarii de bello civili). (de)
  • I commentarii (forma nominativo plurale del sostantivo latino "commentarius, i", traslitterato in italiano «commentario») sono degli scritti attraverso i quali, dalla fine del II secolo a.C., venivano narrate le proprie gesta da parte di chi aveva compiuto imprese ritenute memorabili come pretori, censori, consoli, generali vittoriosi. (it)
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