Cooping was a form of electoral fraud in the United States, often cited in relation to the death of Edgar Allan Poe in October 1849, by which citizens were kidnapped off the street and forced to vote, often several times over, for an election candidate. According to several of Poe's biographers, so-called 'cooping gangs' or 'election gangs' working for a political candidate would hold random victims in a room (the "coop") and ply them with alcohol to get them to comply or face beatings. Often their clothing would be changed to fool voting officials and vote multiple times, or they would be given disguises such as wigs, fake beards, or mustaches.
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| - حبس في القفص (ar)
- Cooping (en)
- Cooping (it)
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| - الحبس في القفص عبارة عن ممارسة كانت تتم في الولايات المتحدة خلال القرن التاسع عشر حيث يتم إجبار المشاركين الذين لا يرغبون في التصويت على التصويت، في كثير من الأحيان عدة مرات، لمرشح معين في الانتخابات. وبشكل عام، يتم الإمساك بهؤلاء المارة الأبرياء من الشارع من قبل ما يسمى بـ «عصابات الحبس» أو «عصابات الانتخابات» الذين يعملون على كشوف المرتبات الخاصة بمرشح سياسي، وقد يتم الإبقاء عليهم في غرفة، تسمى «القفص»، ويتم إعطاؤهم الكحول أو المخدرات من أجل دفعهم للامتثال. وإذا رفضوا التعاون، فسيتعرضون للضرب أو حتى القتل. وفي كثير من الأحيان يتم تغيير ملابسهم للسماح لهم بالتصويت عدة مرات. وأحيانا يضطر الضحايا إلى ارتداء أقنعة مثل الشعر المستعار أو لحى وهمية أو شوارب حتى لا يتم التعرف عليهم من قبل المسؤولين عن عملية الاقتراع في مراكز الاقتراع. (ar)
- Cooping was a form of electoral fraud in the United States, often cited in relation to the death of Edgar Allan Poe in October 1849, by which citizens were kidnapped off the street and forced to vote, often several times over, for an election candidate. According to several of Poe's biographers, so-called 'cooping gangs' or 'election gangs' working for a political candidate would hold random victims in a room (the "coop") and ply them with alcohol to get them to comply or face beatings. Often their clothing would be changed to fool voting officials and vote multiple times, or they would be given disguises such as wigs, fake beards, or mustaches. (en)
- Il cooping (dall'inglese to coop «mettere nella stia», «rinchiudere», da cui anche il significato di «forzare un elettore» o «costringere al voto») è la pratica fraudolenta di costringere in maniera coercitiva i partecipanti a una votazione ad esprimere il proprio voto, anche più volte, per un particolare candidato. Esempi di cooping sono documentati nelle prime elezioni politiche a suffragio universale nel XIX secolo. (it)
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| - الحبس في القفص عبارة عن ممارسة كانت تتم في الولايات المتحدة خلال القرن التاسع عشر حيث يتم إجبار المشاركين الذين لا يرغبون في التصويت على التصويت، في كثير من الأحيان عدة مرات، لمرشح معين في الانتخابات. وبشكل عام، يتم الإمساك بهؤلاء المارة الأبرياء من الشارع من قبل ما يسمى بـ «عصابات الحبس» أو «عصابات الانتخابات» الذين يعملون على كشوف المرتبات الخاصة بمرشح سياسي، وقد يتم الإبقاء عليهم في غرفة، تسمى «القفص»، ويتم إعطاؤهم الكحول أو المخدرات من أجل دفعهم للامتثال. وإذا رفضوا التعاون، فسيتعرضون للضرب أو حتى القتل. وفي كثير من الأحيان يتم تغيير ملابسهم للسماح لهم بالتصويت عدة مرات. وأحيانا يضطر الضحايا إلى ارتداء أقنعة مثل الشعر المستعار أو لحى وهمية أو شوارب حتى لا يتم التعرف عليهم من قبل المسؤولين عن عملية الاقتراع في مراكز الاقتراع. ويعتقد البعض أن إدغار آلان بو كان ضحية الحبس في القفص قبل وفاته الغامضة في أوائل أكتوبر 1849. (ar)
- Cooping was a form of electoral fraud in the United States, often cited in relation to the death of Edgar Allan Poe in October 1849, by which citizens were kidnapped off the street and forced to vote, often several times over, for an election candidate. According to several of Poe's biographers, so-called 'cooping gangs' or 'election gangs' working for a political candidate would hold random victims in a room (the "coop") and ply them with alcohol to get them to comply or face beatings. Often their clothing would be changed to fool voting officials and vote multiple times, or they would be given disguises such as wigs, fake beards, or mustaches. Other 19th-century accounts do not relate to voter fraud but instead, describe press gangs that used cooping to pressure recruits for the Union Army during the American Civil War. One claim of cooping enlistees was made in a letter from Brigadier General Edward Winslow Hincks read by the Clerk of the House of Representatives in 1865. The general, who was in charge of the enlistment in New York, blamed the poor quality of enlisted men on cooping, whereby the men were "cooped up", plied with a drink to the point of stupefaction, and tricked into enlisting. (en)
- Il cooping (dall'inglese to coop «mettere nella stia», «rinchiudere», da cui anche il significato di «forzare un elettore» o «costringere al voto») è la pratica fraudolenta di costringere in maniera coercitiva i partecipanti a una votazione ad esprimere il proprio voto, anche più volte, per un particolare candidato. Esempi di cooping sono documentati nelle prime elezioni politiche a suffragio universale nel XIX secolo. Generalmente chi subiva il cooping veniva segregato in una stanza chiamata coop (propriamente, «stia», «pollaio») e gli venivano somministrate droghe e alcolici per piegare la sua volontà. Nel caso i malcapitati si fossero rifiutati potevano subire percosse e sevizie. Spesso venivano anche cambiati i vestiti (indossate parrucche e baffi finti) per permettere loro di votare più volte. (it)
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