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The Council of Forty-four is one of the two central institutions of traditional Cheyenne Indian tribal governance, the other being the military societies such as the Dog Soldiers. The Council of Forty-four is the council of chiefs, comprising four chiefs from each of the ten Cheyenne bands plus four principal or "Old Man" chiefs who had previously served on the council with distinction. Early in Cheyenne history, three related tribes known as the Heviqs-nipahis, the Sutaio and the Masikota, unified themselves to form the Tsé-tsêhéstâhese or the "Like Hearted People" who are known today as the "Cheyenne." The unified tribe then divided themselves into ten bands:

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  • Council of Forty-four (en)
  • Conseil des Quarante-Quatre (fr)
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  • The Council of Forty-four is one of the two central institutions of traditional Cheyenne Indian tribal governance, the other being the military societies such as the Dog Soldiers. The Council of Forty-four is the council of chiefs, comprising four chiefs from each of the ten Cheyenne bands plus four principal or "Old Man" chiefs who had previously served on the council with distinction. Early in Cheyenne history, three related tribes known as the Heviqs-nipahis, the Sutaio and the Masikota, unified themselves to form the Tsé-tsêhéstâhese or the "Like Hearted People" who are known today as the "Cheyenne." The unified tribe then divided themselves into ten bands: (en)
  • Le Conseil de Quarante-quatre était l'une des deux institutions centrales traditionnelles de la Nation Cheyenne. La seconde étant les sociétés militaires comme les Chiens soldats (Cheyenne). L'influence du Conseil des Quarante-quatre faiblit en raison de conflits internes entre les Cheyennes au sujet de la politique à l'égard de l'invasion des colons blancs sur les Grandes Plaines. Cette influence subit un sévère revers lors du massacre de Sand Creek. (fr)
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  • The Council of Forty-four is one of the two central institutions of traditional Cheyenne Indian tribal governance, the other being the military societies such as the Dog Soldiers. The Council of Forty-four is the council of chiefs, comprising four chiefs from each of the ten Cheyenne bands plus four principal or "Old Man" chiefs who had previously served on the council with distinction. Early in Cheyenne history, three related tribes known as the Heviqs-nipahis, the Sutaio and the Masikota, unified themselves to form the Tsé-tsêhéstâhese or the "Like Hearted People" who are known today as the "Cheyenne." The unified tribe then divided themselves into ten bands: Council chiefs are generally older men who command wide respect. Historically, they were responsible for day-to-day matters affecting the tribe as well as the maintenance of peace both within and without the tribe by force of their moral authority. While chiefs of individual bands held primary responsibility for decisions affecting their own bands, matters which involved the entire tribe such as treaties and alliances required discussions by the entire Council of Forty-four. Chiefs were not chosen by vote, but rather by the Council of Forty-four, whose members named their own successors, with chiefs generally chosen for periods of ten years at councils held every four years. Many chiefs were chosen from among the ranks of the military societies, but were required to give up their society memberships upon selection. (en)
  • Le Conseil de Quarante-quatre était l'une des deux institutions centrales traditionnelles de la Nation Cheyenne. La seconde étant les sociétés militaires comme les Chiens soldats (Cheyenne). L'influence du Conseil des Quarante-quatre faiblit en raison de conflits internes entre les Cheyennes au sujet de la politique à l'égard de l'invasion des colons blancs sur les Grandes Plaines. Cette influence subit un sévère revers lors du massacre de Sand Creek. Le Conseil des Quarante-quatre était le conseil des chefs, composé de quatre chefs de chacune des dix tribus Cheyennes ainsi que de quatre autres chefs ou « Vieux Hommes ». Ces chefs étaient choisis parmi les chefs ayant déjà servi le conseil de manière émérite. Au début de l'épopée des Cheyennes, trois tribus étaient connues comme sous les noms de Heviqs-nipahis, Sutaio et Masikota. Elles se regroupèrent pour former la Tsé-tsêhéstâhese ou « Comme des personnes de cœur » connus aujourd'hui comme les « Cheyennes ». La tribu unifiée se divisa ensuite en dix tribus : Les chefs du conseil étaient généralement des hommes plutôt âgés qui inspiraient le respect. Ils étaient chargés de la gestion au quotidien des affaires touchant à leur tribu ainsi que du maintien de la paix, tant à l'intérieur qu'à l'extérieur de la tribu par la force de leur autorité morale. Alors que les chefs de tribus étaient principalement à la tête de leurs propres tribus, les questions impliquant l'ensemble de la Nation, comme les traités et les alliances nécessitaient des discussions par l'ensemble du Conseil des Quarante-quatre. Les chefs n'étaient pas désignés par vote mais par le Conseil, dont les membres nommaient leurs successeurs. Les membres étaient en général nommés pour dix ans et le conseil se réunissait tous les quatre ans. De nombreux chefs furent choisis parmi les rangs des sociétés guerrières. Mais ils étaient alors obligés de quitter leur société pour siéger au conseil. (fr)
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