Order Desmothoracida, the desmothoracids, are a group of heliozoan protists, usually sessile and found in freshwater environments. The adult is a spherical cell around 10-20 μm in diameter surrounded by a perforated organic lorica, or shell, with many radial pseudopods projecting through the holes to capture food. These are supported by small bundles of microtubules that arise near a point on the nuclear membrane. Unlike other heliozoans, the microtubules are not in any regular geometric array, there does not appear to be a microtubule organizing center, and there is no distinction between the outer and inner cytoplasm.
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| - Clathrulinidae (de)
- Desmothoracida (es)
- Desmothoracid (en)
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| - Die Clathrulinidae sind eine Familie heterotropher Einzeller (Protisten), die systematisch lange als Sonnentierchen angesehen wurden, heute jedoch zu den Cercozoa gestellt werden. Häufig wird für die Gruppe auch der Name Desmothoracida verwendet. (de)
- Order Desmothoracida, the desmothoracids, are a group of heliozoan protists, usually sessile and found in freshwater environments. The adult is a spherical cell around 10-20 μm in diameter surrounded by a perforated organic lorica, or shell, with many radial pseudopods projecting through the holes to capture food. These are supported by small bundles of microtubules that arise near a point on the nuclear membrane. Unlike other heliozoans, the microtubules are not in any regular geometric array, there does not appear to be a microtubule organizing center, and there is no distinction between the outer and inner cytoplasm. (en)
- Desmothoracida es un grupo de protistas similares en aspecto a los heliozoos, generalmente sésiles, que se encuentran en ambientes de agua dulce. Cada adulto es una célula esférica con un diámetro de alrededor de 10-20 µm, rodeada por una armadura o concha orgánica perforada. Numerosos seudópodos radiales se proyectan a través de los agujeros para capturar el alimento. Estos se apoyan en pequeños paquetes de microtúbulos que parten de un punto en la membrana nuclear. Al contrario que otros heliozoos, los microtúbulos no están dispuestos en ninguna geometría regular, no hay ningún centro de organización de microtúbulos, y no hay distinción entre el citoplasma externo e interno. (es)
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| - Q151237 (en)
- Q33181010 (en)
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| - Blaschka glass model of Clathrulina elegans (en)
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| - Hertwig & Lesser, 1874 emend. Honigberg et al. 1964 (en)
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| synonyms
| - * Cryptaxohelida
* Desmothoraca (Hertwig & Lesser 1874)
* Clathrulinida (Starobogatov 1980) (en)
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| - Die Clathrulinidae sind eine Familie heterotropher Einzeller (Protisten), die systematisch lange als Sonnentierchen angesehen wurden, heute jedoch zu den Cercozoa gestellt werden. Häufig wird für die Gruppe auch der Name Desmothoracida verwendet. (de)
- Order Desmothoracida, the desmothoracids, are a group of heliozoan protists, usually sessile and found in freshwater environments. The adult is a spherical cell around 10-20 μm in diameter surrounded by a perforated organic lorica, or shell, with many radial pseudopods projecting through the holes to capture food. These are supported by small bundles of microtubules that arise near a point on the nuclear membrane. Unlike other heliozoans, the microtubules are not in any regular geometric array, there does not appear to be a microtubule organizing center, and there is no distinction between the outer and inner cytoplasm. Reproduction takes place by the budding-off of small motile cells, usually with two flagella. Later these are lost, and the pseudopods and lorica are formed. Typically, a single lengthened pseudopod will secrete a hollow stalk that attaches the cell to the substrate. The form of the flagella, the tubular cristae within the mitochondria, and other characters have led to the suggestion that the desmothoracids belong among what is now the Cercozoa. This was later confirmed by genetic studies. As of the year 2000, the order Desmothoracida contained five genera with a total of 10 species.
* Order Desmothoracida Hartwig & Lesser 1874 emend. Honigberg et al. 1964
* Family Clathrulinidae Claus 1874
* Genus Clathrulina Cienkowski 1867 [Podosphaera Archer 1868 non Kunze 1823; Grimm 1872; Eleaster (sic) Schmidt 1913; Entz 1877]
* Species Clathrulina elegans Cienkowski 1867 [Clathrulina ovalis (von Daday 1885) Deflandre, 1926; Clathrulina cienkowskii ovalis von Daday 1885; Clathrulina cienkowskii Mereschkowsky 1879; Clathrulina stuhlmanni Schaudinn 1897; Podosphaera haeckeliana Archer 1868; Elaster greeffi Grimm 1872]
* Species (Entz 1877) Mikrjukov 2000 [Orbulinella smaragdea Entz 1877; Orbulinella salina Labbe 1924]
* Genus Hedriocystis Hertwig & Lesser 1874
* Species Hertwig & Lesser 1874
* Species Siemensma 1991
* Species Mikrjukov 2000
* Genus Mikrjukov 2000
* Species (Penard 1904) Mikrjukov 2000 [Hedriocystis reticulata Penard 1904]
* Species (Brown 1918) Mikrjukov 2000 [Hedriocystis spinifera Brown 1918]
* Genus Schaudinn 1896 non Regel & Rach 1859 non Solms 1867 [ Weldon & Hickson 1909 non Rostafinski 1873 non Schweinfurth 1867 non Solms 1867; Wagneria Cienkowsky 1881 non Robineau-Desvoidy 1830 non Gistl 1848 non Alenitzin 1873 non Lemaire 1857 non Hesse 1912 non Heilprin 1887 non McCook 1895 non Jedlicka 1935 non Denier 1933 non Meladze 1967; de Saedeleer 1930]
* Species (Cienkowsky 1881) Schaudinn 1896 [Wagneria mereschkowskyi Cienkowsky 1881]
* Species (De Saedeleer 1930) Mikrjukov 2000 [Monomastigocystis brachypous de Saedeleer 1930; Hedriocystis brachypous (De Saedeleer 1930) Siemensma 1991]
* Genus Zacharias 1893 [Actinopshaeridium (sic)]
* Species Zacharias 1893 [Nuclearia caulescens Penard 1903] (en)
- Desmothoracida es un grupo de protistas similares en aspecto a los heliozoos, generalmente sésiles, que se encuentran en ambientes de agua dulce. Cada adulto es una célula esférica con un diámetro de alrededor de 10-20 µm, rodeada por una armadura o concha orgánica perforada. Numerosos seudópodos radiales se proyectan a través de los agujeros para capturar el alimento. Estos se apoyan en pequeños paquetes de microtúbulos que parten de un punto en la membrana nuclear. Al contrario que otros heliozoos, los microtúbulos no están dispuestos en ninguna geometría regular, no hay ningún centro de organización de microtúbulos, y no hay distinción entre el citoplasma externo e interno. La reproducción se realiza mediante gemación, por numerosas pequeñas células móviles, generalmente con dos flagelos. Estos se pierden más adelante y se forman seudópodos y una armadura. Un solo seudópodo alargado secretará típicamente un tallo hueco que unirá el adulto al sustrato. La forma de los flagelos, las mitocondrias con crestas tubulares y otros caracteres sugieren su pertenencia a Cercozoa, lo que ha sido confirmado por análisis genéticos. (es)
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