| rdfs:comment
| - 双子地震（ふたごじしん）とは、同規模（近い規模）の複数の地震が、同地域あるいは近い距離で、ほぼ同時、または短期間に連続して起こる、大規模な地震のこと。双発地震ともいう。 (ja)
- 地震学家有时指一对同样大小的地震发生在相对密集的时间和地点称为“双地震”。这与地震余震的正常模式不同，余震逐渐减弱的幅度一般都来自同一个震源为主，而对地震震源在原地震以外的地方,第一次地震可能距离第二次地震有相当长的距离和时间，第二次地震的规模可能稍大于第一个。这种类型的地震每年发生一次或两次，但比一般地震少得多。在地震多发地区，官员们并不会预料到发生双重地震，因为这是罕见的地震。但是，当发生时，它们具有较高的灾害的潜力。 最近的一次双重地震发生在2006年底和2007年初，在俄日争议岛屿南千岛群岛（日本称北方四岛），此处自1915以来没有发生过大规模地震。前震发生在11月15日，规模在M8.3，此后不久，太平洋板块发生了地震活动，第二次地震发生在1月13日，震级为8.1级。由于震源在海洋。第一次地震造成的伤害只有1人，第二次地震没有报告伤亡。然而，两次地震都引起了海啸，11月15日的地震造成了海啸，海啸袭击了加利福尼亚海岸，造成了500000 - 1000000美元的损失。三重地震也是可能的，诸如。 (zh)
- In seismology, doublet earthquakes – and more generally, multiplet earthquakes – were originally identified as multiple earthquakes with nearly identical waveforms originating from the same location. They are now characterized as single earthquakes having two (or more) main shocks of similar magnitude, sometimes occurring within tens of seconds, but sometimes separated by years. The similarity of magnitude – often within 0.4 magnitude – distinguishes multiplet events from aftershocks, which start at about 1.2 magnitude less than the parent shock (Båth's law) and decrease in magnitude and frequency according to known laws. (en)
- Los sismólogos se refieren a terremotos dobletes cuando ocurren dos terremotos de magnitud similar en un espacio corto de tiempo y ubicación. Lo cual es distinto a las réplicas, las cuales ocurren en lapsos largos de tiempo después de un terremoto y ocurren en una amplia región en la cual el terremoto ha roto. El primer terremoto puede ocurrir en un lugar y tiempo distintos con respecto al segundo. La magnitud del segundo sismo puede ser ligeramente mayor que el primero. También pueden ocurrir , tal el caso de los . (es)
- 이중지진(Doublet earthquake), 다중지진(multiplet earthquakes), 중복지진은 짧은 시간 간격을 두고 같은 위치에서 일어나는 거의 비슷한 파형을 가진 여러 지진 무리들을 의미한다. 대부분의 이중지진은 수십 초 내 거의 동시에 여러 번 일어나지만, 때로는 수 년 이상의 간격을 두고 거의 비슷한 규모의 두 번 이상의 단일한 본진으로 일어난다. 지진 규모는 거의 0.4 이내로 같으며 이는 여진이 규모와 빈도가 점차 줄어든다는 오모리 법칙이나 지진 규모와 총 빈도와의 관계인 구텐베르크-릭터 법칙과는 정면으로 위배되는, 단일 지진이 여러 번 일어나는 현상이다. (ko)
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| has abstract
| - In seismology, doublet earthquakes – and more generally, multiplet earthquakes – were originally identified as multiple earthquakes with nearly identical waveforms originating from the same location. They are now characterized as single earthquakes having two (or more) main shocks of similar magnitude, sometimes occurring within tens of seconds, but sometimes separated by years. The similarity of magnitude – often within 0.4 magnitude – distinguishes multiplet events from aftershocks, which start at about 1.2 magnitude less than the parent shock (Båth's law) and decrease in magnitude and frequency according to known laws. Doublet/multiplet events also have nearly identical seismic waveforms, as they come from the same rupture zone and stress field, whereas aftershocks, being peripheral to the main rupture, typically reflect more diverse circumstances of origin. Multiplet events overlap in their focal fields (rupture zones), which can be up 100 kilometers across for magnitude 7.5 earthquakes. Doublets have been distinguished from triggered earthquakes, where the energy of the seismic waves triggers a distant earthquake with a different rupture zone, although it has been suggested such a distinction reflects "imprecise taxonomy" more than any physical reality. Multiplet earthquakes are believed to result when asperities, such as large chunks of crust stuck in the rupturing fault, or irregularities or bends in the fault, temporarily impede the main rupture. Unlike a normal earthquake, where it is believed the earthquake releases enough of the tectonic stress driving it that it will take decades to centuries to accumulate enough stress to drive the next earthquake (per the elastic rebound theory), the initial multiplet quake only releases part of the pent-up stress when the rupture hits the asperity. This increases the stress across the asperity, which may fail within seconds, minutes, months, or even years. In the 1997 Harnai earthquake the initial Mw 7.0 shock was followed by an Mw 6.8 shock just 19 seconds later. The effect of such powerful shocks so close in time was to double the duration of ground shaking (bringing more structures to the point of collapse), and to double the area affected by the strongest shaking. When a subsequent, and possibly stronger, shock comes hours or days later it may suffice to collapse structures weakened by the previous shock, with serious consequences to rescue and recovery efforts. Although there have been numerous earthquakes with two or even three primary shocks of such similar magnitude that picking one as the main shock can be somewhat arbitrary, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that studies of seismograms showed that some of these were not simply unusually large foreshocks and aftershocks. Other studies have shown that about 20% of very large earthquakes (magnitude above 7.5) are doublets, and that, in some cases, 37 to 75 percent of earthquakes are multiplets. A theoretical study found about one earthquake in 15 (~7%) to be a doublet (using a narrow criterion of "doublet"), but also found that in the Solomon Islands six of 57 M ≥ 6.0 earthquakes were doublets, and 4 of 15 M ≥ 7.0 earthquakes, showing that approximately 10% and 25% of those quakes were doublets. Doublet earthquakes pose a challenge to the characteristic earthquake model used for estimating seismic hazard. This model assumes that faults are segmented, limiting the extent of rupturing, and therefore the maximum size of an earthquake, to the length of the segment. Newer forecasts of seismic hazard, such as UCERF3, factor in a greater likelihood of multisegment ruptures, which changes the relative frequency of different sizes of earthquakes. (en)
- Los sismólogos se refieren a terremotos dobletes cuando ocurren dos terremotos de magnitud similar en un espacio corto de tiempo y ubicación. Lo cual es distinto a las réplicas, las cuales ocurren en lapsos largos de tiempo después de un terremoto y ocurren en una amplia región en la cual el terremoto ha roto. El primer terremoto puede ocurrir en un lugar y tiempo distintos con respecto al segundo. La magnitud del segundo sismo puede ser ligeramente mayor que el primero. Este tipo de terremotos ocurren, al menos dos veces por año, pero son mucho menos frecuentes que los terremotos más típicos. También pueden ocurrir , tal el caso de los . (es)
- 双子地震（ふたごじしん）とは、同規模（近い規模）の複数の地震が、同地域あるいは近い距離で、ほぼ同時、または短期間に連続して起こる、大規模な地震のこと。双発地震ともいう。 (ja)
- 이중지진(Doublet earthquake), 다중지진(multiplet earthquakes), 중복지진은 짧은 시간 간격을 두고 같은 위치에서 일어나는 거의 비슷한 파형을 가진 여러 지진 무리들을 의미한다. 대부분의 이중지진은 수십 초 내 거의 동시에 여러 번 일어나지만, 때로는 수 년 이상의 간격을 두고 거의 비슷한 규모의 두 번 이상의 단일한 본진으로 일어난다. 지진 규모는 거의 0.4 이내로 같으며 이는 여진이 규모와 빈도가 점차 줄어든다는 오모리 법칙이나 지진 규모와 총 빈도와의 관계인 구텐베르크-릭터 법칙과는 정면으로 위배되는, 단일 지진이 여러 번 일어나는 현상이다. 또한 본진의 단층파열 주변에서 일어나는 여진은 다양한 곳에서 여러 환경으로 일어나 지진 파형이 거의 다 다른 반면에 이중지진은 단층의 파열 영역과 응력장이 같은 곳에서 일어났기 때문에 지진파형도 거의 비슷하다. 이중지진은 단층 파열이 같은 곳에서 중복되어서 일어나는데 규모 M7.5의 지진에서는 100km 가까이 중첩될 수 있다. 이중지진은 지진파의 에너지가 다른 단층 파열대를 건들어 멀리 떨어진 곳에서 지진을 일으키는 유발지진과도 구분된다고 여겨지나 이러한 구분법은 물리적 실재보다는 부정확한 관측을 바탕으로 생겨난 것이라 추정하고 있다. (ko)
- 地震学家有时指一对同样大小的地震发生在相对密集的时间和地点称为“双地震”。这与地震余震的正常模式不同，余震逐渐减弱的幅度一般都来自同一个震源为主，而对地震震源在原地震以外的地方,第一次地震可能距离第二次地震有相当长的距离和时间，第二次地震的规模可能稍大于第一个。这种类型的地震每年发生一次或两次，但比一般地震少得多。在地震多发地区，官员们并不会预料到发生双重地震，因为这是罕见的地震。但是，当发生时，它们具有较高的灾害的潜力。 最近的一次双重地震发生在2006年底和2007年初，在俄日争议岛屿南千岛群岛（日本称北方四岛），此处自1915以来没有发生过大规模地震。前震发生在11月15日，规模在M8.3，此后不久，太平洋板块发生了地震活动，第二次地震发生在1月13日，震级为8.1级。由于震源在海洋。第一次地震造成的伤害只有1人，第二次地震没有报告伤亡。然而，两次地震都引起了海啸，11月15日的地震造成了海啸，海啸袭击了加利福尼亚海岸，造成了500000 - 1000000美元的损失。三重地震也是可能的，诸如。 (zh)
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