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The drinker paradox (also known as the drinker's theorem, the drinker's principle, or the drinking principle) is a theorem of classical predicate logic that can be stated as "There is someone in the pub such that, if he or she is drinking, then everyone in the pub is drinking." It was popularised by the mathematical logician Raymond Smullyan, who called it the "drinking principle" in his 1978 book What Is the Name of this Book? The formal statement of the theorem is where D is an arbitrary predicate and P is an arbitrary nonempty set.

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  • Drinker paradox (en)
  • Paradoxe du buveur (fr)
  • Paradoxo do bêbado (pt)
  • Парадокс пьяницы (ru)
  • 饮者悖论 (zh)
rdfs:comment
  • Парадокс пьяницы [1] — утверждение, которое гласит, что в любом питейном заведении существует по крайней мере один такой человек, который если пьёт, то пьют все. Это утверждение, сформулированное в формальной логике, оказывается верным. Парадокс был описан американским математиком Рэймондом Смаллианом в книге "Как же называется эта книга". (ru)
  • 饮者悖论(也被称为饮者定理,饮者原理,或饮酒原理)是经典谓词逻辑的一个定理。它实际上并不是一个悖论。它的明显的矛盾的性质来自于它通常的在自然语言中的表述:在酒吧裡会有一个人,对于这个人,如果他在喝酒,那么所有在酒吧裡的人都在喝酒。 有两点看起来是反直觉的 1) 这里面有一个人,他会引起其他人喝酒。2)这里有一个人,一整夜他都是最后一个喝酒的。第一个反对的理由是由于混淆了形式的 IF...THEN 陈述与因果关系(见相关不蕴涵因果)。定理的形式化陈述是不受时间限制的,我们可以消除第二个反对理由是因为,在一个时刻使得陈述成立的那个特别的人(见证者),并不需要与在任何其它时刻使得陈述成立的那个人是同一个人。实际的定理是 其中 D 是一个任意的,P是一个任意的集合。这个悖论是因数理逻辑学家雷蒙·思木里安而广为人知的。雷蒙·思木里安在他 1978 年出版的书 What is the Name of this Book? 中称它为 “饮酒原理”。 (zh)
  • The drinker paradox (also known as the drinker's theorem, the drinker's principle, or the drinking principle) is a theorem of classical predicate logic that can be stated as "There is someone in the pub such that, if he or she is drinking, then everyone in the pub is drinking." It was popularised by the mathematical logician Raymond Smullyan, who called it the "drinking principle" in his 1978 book What Is the Name of this Book? The formal statement of the theorem is where D is an arbitrary predicate and P is an arbitrary nonempty set. (en)
  • Le paradoxe du buveur (aussi connu comme le théorème du buveur, le principe du buveur) est un théorème de logique mathématique (prédicat) qui peut être énoncé ainsi : « Dans toute pièce non vide, il existe une personne ayant la propriété : Si cette personne boit, tout le monde dans la pièce boit. » Il a été popularisé par le mathématicien logicien Raymond Smullyan, qui l'a appelé le drinking principle dans son livre de 1978 What Is the Name of This Book?. La déclaration formelle du théorème est : où D est un prédicat arbitraire et P est un ensemble non vide arbitraire. (∃x Px ⇒ A) ⇔ ∀x (Px ⇒ A) (fr)
  • O paradoxo do bêbado (drinker paradox), também conhecido como princípio do bêbado (drinker's principle), é um teorema da Lógica clássica de predicados normalmente exposto, em linguagem natural, como:Existe alguém no bar, tal que, se ele estiver bebendo, todos estarão bebendo. Parece contraintuitivo que 1) haja uma pessoa que está causando aos outros que bebam, ou 2) haja uma pessoa que a noite inteira seja sempre a última a beber. A primeira objeção vem de se confundir os enunciados formais SE…ENTÃO com causalidade (veja que correlação não implica causalidade). O enunciado formal do teorema é atemporal, eliminando a segunda objeção porque a pessoa para a qual o enunciado se verifica em um instante não é necessariamente a mesma pessoa para a qual ele se verifica para qualquer outro instant (pt)
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  • The drinker paradox (also known as the drinker's theorem, the drinker's principle, or the drinking principle) is a theorem of classical predicate logic that can be stated as "There is someone in the pub such that, if he or she is drinking, then everyone in the pub is drinking." It was popularised by the mathematical logician Raymond Smullyan, who called it the "drinking principle" in his 1978 book What Is the Name of this Book? The apparently paradoxical nature of the statement comes from the way it is usually stated in natural language. It seems counterintuitive both that there could be a person who is causing the others to drink, or that there could be a person such that all through the night that one person were always the last to drink. The first objection comes from confusing formal "if then" statements with causation (see Correlation does not imply causation or Relevance logic for logics that demand relevant relationships between premise and consequent, unlike classical logic assumed here). The formal statement of the theorem is timeless, eliminating the second objection because the person the statement holds true for at one instant is not necessarily the same person it holds true for at any other instant. The formal statement of the theorem is where D is an arbitrary predicate and P is an arbitrary nonempty set. (en)
  • Le paradoxe du buveur (aussi connu comme le théorème du buveur, le principe du buveur) est un théorème de logique mathématique (prédicat) qui peut être énoncé ainsi : « Dans toute pièce non vide, il existe une personne ayant la propriété : Si cette personne boit, tout le monde dans la pièce boit. » Il a été popularisé par le mathématicien logicien Raymond Smullyan, qui l'a appelé le drinking principle dans son livre de 1978 What Is the Name of This Book?. La nature apparemment paradoxale de l'énoncé tient à la façon dont il est habituellement formulé en langage naturel. Il semble contre-intuitif à la fois qu'il pourrait y avoir une personne qui fait boire les autres, ou qu'il pourrait y avoir une personne telle que, tout au long de la nuit, cette personne a toujours été la dernière à boire. La première objection vient de la confusion entre les énoncés formels « si alors » et la causalité (voir corrélation n'implique pas de lien de causalité ou logique de pertinence pour les logiques qui exigent des relations pertinentes entre prémisse et conséquences, contrairement à la logique classique présumée ici). L'énoncé formel du théorème est intemporel, éliminant la deuxième objection parce que la personne qui rend l'énoncé vrai à un instant n'est pas nécessairement la même personne à un autre instant. La déclaration formelle du théorème est : où D est un prédicat arbitraire et P est un ensemble non vide arbitraire. Ceci découle de la formule valide du calcul des prédicats : (∃x Px ⇒ A) ⇔ ∀x (Px ⇒ A) (fr)
  • Парадокс пьяницы [1] — утверждение, которое гласит, что в любом питейном заведении существует по крайней мере один такой человек, который если пьёт, то пьют все. Это утверждение, сформулированное в формальной логике, оказывается верным. Парадокс был описан американским математиком Рэймондом Смаллианом в книге "Как же называется эта книга". (ru)
  • O paradoxo do bêbado (drinker paradox), também conhecido como princípio do bêbado (drinker's principle), é um teorema da Lógica clássica de predicados normalmente exposto, em linguagem natural, como:Existe alguém no bar, tal que, se ele estiver bebendo, todos estarão bebendo. Parece contraintuitivo que 1) haja uma pessoa que está causando aos outros que bebam, ou 2) haja uma pessoa que a noite inteira seja sempre a última a beber. A primeira objeção vem de se confundir os enunciados formais SE…ENTÃO com causalidade (veja que correlação não implica causalidade). O enunciado formal do teorema é atemporal, eliminando a segunda objeção porque a pessoa para a qual o enunciado se verifica em um instante não é necessariamente a mesma pessoa para a qual ele se verifica para qualquer outro instante.O teorema na verdade é o seguinte: onde D é um predicado arbitrário e P é um conjunto arbitrário. O paradoxo foi popularizado pelo lógico matemático Raymond Smullyan, que o chamou de "princípio do bêbado" em seu livro de 1978, What Is the Name of this Book? (Em Português: “Qual é o nome deste livro?”). (pt)
  • 饮者悖论(也被称为饮者定理,饮者原理,或饮酒原理)是经典谓词逻辑的一个定理。它实际上并不是一个悖论。它的明显的矛盾的性质来自于它通常的在自然语言中的表述:在酒吧裡会有一个人,对于这个人,如果他在喝酒,那么所有在酒吧裡的人都在喝酒。 有两点看起来是反直觉的 1) 这里面有一个人,他会引起其他人喝酒。2)这里有一个人,一整夜他都是最后一个喝酒的。第一个反对的理由是由于混淆了形式的 IF...THEN 陈述与因果关系(见相关不蕴涵因果)。定理的形式化陈述是不受时间限制的,我们可以消除第二个反对理由是因为,在一个时刻使得陈述成立的那个特别的人(见证者),并不需要与在任何其它时刻使得陈述成立的那个人是同一个人。实际的定理是 其中 D 是一个任意的,P是一个任意的集合。这个悖论是因数理逻辑学家雷蒙·思木里安而广为人知的。雷蒙·思木里安在他 1978 年出版的书 What is the Name of this Book? 中称它为 “饮酒原理”。 (zh)
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