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Economic interdependence is the mutual dependence of the participants in an economic system who trade in order to obtain the products they cannot produce efficiently for themselves. Such trading relationships require that the behavior of a participant affects its trading partners and it would be costly to rupture their relationship. The subject was addressed by A. A. Cournot who wrote: "...but in reality the economic system is a whole in which all of the parts are connected and react on one another. An increase in the income of the producers of commodity A will affect the demands for commodities B, C, etc. and the incomes of their producers, and by its reaction will affect the demand for commodity A." Economic Interdependence is evidently a consequence of the division of labour.

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  • Economic interdependence (en)
  • Interdependência econômica (pt)
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  • Economic interdependence is the mutual dependence of the participants in an economic system who trade in order to obtain the products they cannot produce efficiently for themselves. Such trading relationships require that the behavior of a participant affects its trading partners and it would be costly to rupture their relationship. The subject was addressed by A. A. Cournot who wrote: "...but in reality the economic system is a whole in which all of the parts are connected and react on one another. An increase in the income of the producers of commodity A will affect the demands for commodities B, C, etc. and the incomes of their producers, and by its reaction will affect the demand for commodity A." Economic Interdependence is evidently a consequence of the division of labour. (en)
  • Interdependência econômica é uma consequência da especialização, ou a divisão do trabalho, e é quase universal. Foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1838, quando Cournot escreveu: Interdependência não é rígida, porque as empresas, indivíduos e nações podem mudar a partir da produção de um conjunto de produtos para o de outro. Seus efeitos são evidentes na maioria dos modelos da teoria do equilíbrio geral que normalmente requerem um computador para resolver as complexas interaçõesA interdependência econômica das nações e grupos de nações, é de especial importância. Ele descreve os países/estados-nação e/ou estados supranacionais, como a União Europeia (UE) ou o Tratado Norte-Americano de Livre Comércio (NAFTA), que são especializados por causa do clima, a disponibilidade de capital e trabalho, (pt)
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  • Economic interdependence is the mutual dependence of the participants in an economic system who trade in order to obtain the products they cannot produce efficiently for themselves. Such trading relationships require that the behavior of a participant affects its trading partners and it would be costly to rupture their relationship. The subject was addressed by A. A. Cournot who wrote: "...but in reality the economic system is a whole in which all of the parts are connected and react on one another. An increase in the income of the producers of commodity A will affect the demands for commodities B, C, etc. and the incomes of their producers, and by its reaction will affect the demand for commodity A." Economic Interdependence is evidently a consequence of the division of labour. David Baldwin conceptualizes international economic interdependence as the opportunity costs incurred from potential exit costs that incur as a result of breaking existing economic ties between nations. Others argue that it entails the degree of sensitivity of a country’s economic behavior to policies and development of countries outside its border. Global economic interdependence has grown in the post-World War II period as a result of technological progress (e.g. computerization, containerization, low-cost travel, low-cost communications) and associated policies that were aimed at opening national economies internally and externally to global competition. Some international relations scholars posit that economic interdependence contributes to peaceful relations between states. Other scholars argue that the relationship is more nuanced or emphasize the ways in which interdependence can contribute to conflict between states. For example, through their work on "weaponized interdependence", Abraham Newman and Henry Farrell have outlined how states that possess effective jurisdiction over central economic nodes can use these nodes for coercive economic leverage against adversaries. (en)
  • Interdependência econômica é uma consequência da especialização, ou a divisão do trabalho, e é quase universal. Foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1838, quando Cournot escreveu: Interdependência não é rígida, porque as empresas, indivíduos e nações podem mudar a partir da produção de um conjunto de produtos para o de outro. Seus efeitos são evidentes na maioria dos modelos da teoria do equilíbrio geral que normalmente requerem um computador para resolver as complexas interaçõesA interdependência econômica das nações e grupos de nações, é de especial importância. Ele descreve os países/estados-nação e/ou estados supranacionais, como a União Europeia (UE) ou o Tratado Norte-Americano de Livre Comércio (NAFTA), que são especializados por causa do clima, a disponibilidade de capital e trabalho, e uma variedade de histórico e factores culturais. Essas nações ou grupos podem ser dependentes um do outro para qualquer (ou todas) das seguintes características: * Alimento * Energia * Minerais * Produtos manufacturados * Multinacionais/corporações transnacionais * Instituições financeiras * Dívida externa * Dívida interna (pt)
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