Emmanuel Leonievich Metter (February 28, 1878 – August 28, 1941) was a Russian conductor. Emmanuel Metter was born in Kherson, Russian Empire, in a Jewish family running a business. He entered the faculty of medicine at the Imperial University of Kharkov on August 26, 1897; however, he transferred to the faculty of law on September 7, 1898, graduated in 1906 and became a lawyer. He then entered the Saint Petersburg Conservatory as an unregistered student in September 1906 and studied under Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Glazunov. He left the conservatory in May 1907, taught at Moscow Conservatory and conducted at the Bolshoi Theatre. When Metter was a conductor at the opera house in Kazan, Russia, he married Elena Osovskaya, a Polish prima ballerina of the opera house.