Epoetin beta (rINN) /ɛˈpoʊ.ɪtɪn/ is a synthetic, recombinant form of erythropoietin, a protein that promotes the production of red blood cells. It is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) that is used to treat anemia, commonly associated with chronic kidney failure and cancer chemotherapy. Epoetin beta is sold under the brand name NeoRecormon, among others. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.