Erythrogenic toxins, also referred to as streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins, are secreted by strains of the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. SpeA and speC are superantigens, which induce inflammation by nonspecifically activating T cells and stimulating the production of inflammatory cytokines. SpeB, the most abundant streptococcal extracellular protein, is a cysteine protease. Pyrogenic exotoxins are implicated as the causative agent of scarlet fever and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. There is no consensus on the exact number of pyrogenic exotoxins. Serotypes A-C are the most extensively studied and recognized by all sources, but others note up to thirteen distinct types, categorizing speF through speM as additional superantigens.
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| - Erythrogenic toxin (en)
- Toksyna erytrogenna (pl)
- Toxina eritrogénica (pt)
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| - Toxinas eritrogénicas (português europeu) ou eritrogênicas (português brasileiro) ou exotoxinas pirogénicas estreptocócicas são toxinas secretadas por vários tipos da bactéria Streptococcus pyogenes. (pt)
- Erythrogenic toxins, also referred to as streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins, are secreted by strains of the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. SpeA and speC are superantigens, which induce inflammation by nonspecifically activating T cells and stimulating the production of inflammatory cytokines. SpeB, the most abundant streptococcal extracellular protein, is a cysteine protease. Pyrogenic exotoxins are implicated as the causative agent of scarlet fever and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. There is no consensus on the exact number of pyrogenic exotoxins. Serotypes A-C are the most extensively studied and recognized by all sources, but others note up to thirteen distinct types, categorizing speF through speM as additional superantigens. (en)
- Pirogenne egzotoksyny (Spe), początkowo zwane toksynami erytrogennymi – toksyny wytwarzane przez szczepy lizogenne. Opisano cztery immunologicznie odrębne, ciepłochwiejne toksyny (SpeA, SpeB, SpeC i SpeF) wytwarzane przez Streptococcus pyogenes oraz przez rzadko występujące paciorkowce z grup C i G. (pl)
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| - Erythrogenic toxins, also referred to as streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins, are secreted by strains of the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. SpeA and speC are superantigens, which induce inflammation by nonspecifically activating T cells and stimulating the production of inflammatory cytokines. SpeB, the most abundant streptococcal extracellular protein, is a cysteine protease. Pyrogenic exotoxins are implicated as the causative agent of scarlet fever and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. There is no consensus on the exact number of pyrogenic exotoxins. Serotypes A-C are the most extensively studied and recognized by all sources, but others note up to thirteen distinct types, categorizing speF through speM as additional superantigens. Erythrogenic toxins are known to damage the plasma membranes of blood capillaries under the skin and produce a red skin rash (characteristic of scarlet fever). Past studies have shown that multiple variants of erythrogenic toxins may be produced, depending on the strain of S. pyogenes in question. Some strains may not produce a detectable toxin at all. Bacteriophage T12 infection of S. pyogenes enables the production of speA, and increases virulence. (en)
- Pirogenne egzotoksyny (Spe), początkowo zwane toksynami erytrogennymi – toksyny wytwarzane przez szczepy lizogenne. Opisano cztery immunologicznie odrębne, ciepłochwiejne toksyny (SpeA, SpeB, SpeC i SpeF) wytwarzane przez Streptococcus pyogenes oraz przez rzadko występujące paciorkowce z grup C i G. Toksyny mają charakter superantygenów, oddziałują na makrofagi i pomocnicze limfocyty T, prowadząc do uwolnienia zwiększonej ilości cytokin prozapalnych. Podejrzewa się, że egzotoksyny odpowiedzialne są za wiele klinicznych objawów ciężkich zakażeń wywoływanych przez paciorkowce takich jak martwicze zapalenie powięzi, paciorkowcowy zespół wstrząsu toksycznego czy wysypka u pacjentów z płonicą. Nie jest do końca zrozumiałe, czy wysypka spowodowana jest bezpośrednio działaniem toksyn na łożysko włośniczek, czy jest skutkiem reakcji nadwrażliwości". (pl)
- Toxinas eritrogénicas (português europeu) ou eritrogênicas (português brasileiro) ou exotoxinas pirogénicas estreptocócicas são toxinas secretadas por vários tipos da bactéria Streptococcus pyogenes. (pt)
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