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The Catholic Church authorizes the use of exorcism for those who are believed to be the victims of demonic possession. In Roman Catholicism, exorcism is a sacramental but not a sacrament, unlike baptism or confession. Unlike a sacrament, exorcism's "integrity and efficacy do not depend ... on the rigid use of an unchanging formula or on the ordered sequence of prescribed actions. Its efficacy depends on two elements: authorization from valid and licit Church authorities, and the faith of the exorcist." The Catechism of the Catholic Church states: "When the Church asks publicly and authoritatively in the name of Jesus Christ that a person or object be protected against the power of the Evil One and withdrawn from his dominion, it is called exorcism."

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  • Exorcism in the Catholic Church (en)
  • カトリック教会のエクソシスム (ja)
  • 구마예식 (ko)
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  • カトリック教会のエクソシスム(カトリックきょうかいのエクソシスム)は、カトリック教会の儀式の一つ。 このエクソシスムのギリシャ語は、七十人訳聖書の翻訳の創世記24:3「誓い」、第一列王記22:16「命令」と新約マタイ福音書26:63の「生きている神に誓って言え」からとられている。命令による追放は、エクソシスムのおもな目的とする所であり、キリスト教の用語としては、真の神、キリストの名によってなされるとき、厳密な意味でエクソシスムである。カトリック百科事典は他宗教や民族宗教などの悪魔払いを迷信的として否定している。 カトリック教会の厳密なエクソシスムは教会法に沿ってなされるもので、叙階された司祭が、司教の特別な認可を受け、医学的なケアの上、行うことができる。 (ja)
  • The Catholic Church authorizes the use of exorcism for those who are believed to be the victims of demonic possession. In Roman Catholicism, exorcism is a sacramental but not a sacrament, unlike baptism or confession. Unlike a sacrament, exorcism's "integrity and efficacy do not depend ... on the rigid use of an unchanging formula or on the ordered sequence of prescribed actions. Its efficacy depends on two elements: authorization from valid and licit Church authorities, and the faith of the exorcist." The Catechism of the Catholic Church states: "When the Church asks publicly and authoritatively in the name of Jesus Christ that a person or object be protected against the power of the Evil One and withdrawn from his dominion, it is called exorcism." (en)
  • 구마예식(驅魔禮式, 라틴어: Exorcismus 엑소르치르무스[*], 영어: exorcism 엑소시즘[*])는 예수 그리스도의 이름으로 장소나 사물 또는 사람을 악마에 의한 고통과 파괴, 사로잡힘에서 벗어나게 하는 기독교, 특히 로마 가톨릭교회의 구마 의식이다. 구마는 세례성사나 고해성사 등의 성사가 아니라 준성사에 속한다. 따라서 성사와는 달리 구마는 전례서에 규정된 순서나 일정한 형식을 그대로 따르지 않는다 하더라도 유효성에 문제가 발생하지 않는다. 《가톨릭교회 교리서》는 “교회가 어떤 사람이나 물건이 마귀의 세력으로부터 보호되고 마귀의 지배력에서 벗어나도록 예수 그리스도의 이름으로 공적인 권위를 가지고 청하는 것을 ‘구마’라고 한다. 예수님께서 이를 행하셨으며, 교회는 마귀를 쫓아내는 권능과 의무를 예수님께 받았다.”라고 말하고 있다. 가톨릭교회는 1999년 1월 구마 예식을 개정하면서, 기존의 전통적인 라틴어 구마 예식 또한 선택적으로 사용할 수 있게 허용하였다. 구마 예식은 부마자가 악마에 의해 육체적인 자유는 빼앗겼지만 자유의지는 여전히 존재한다고 간주하며, 기도와 축복, 《》를 통해 집전된다. (ko)
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  • The Catholic Church authorizes the use of exorcism for those who are believed to be the victims of demonic possession. In Roman Catholicism, exorcism is a sacramental but not a sacrament, unlike baptism or confession. Unlike a sacrament, exorcism's "integrity and efficacy do not depend ... on the rigid use of an unchanging formula or on the ordered sequence of prescribed actions. Its efficacy depends on two elements: authorization from valid and licit Church authorities, and the faith of the exorcist." The Catechism of the Catholic Church states: "When the Church asks publicly and authoritatively in the name of Jesus Christ that a person or object be protected against the power of the Evil One and withdrawn from his dominion, it is called exorcism." The Catholic Church revised the Rite of Exorcism in January 1999, though the traditional Rite of Exorcism in Latin is allowed as an option. The ritual assumes that possessed persons retain their free will, though the demon may hold control over their physical body, and involves prayers, blessings, and invocations with the use of the document Of Exorcisms and Certain Supplications. Solemn exorcisms, according to the Canon law of the Church, can be exercised only by an ordained priest (or higher prelate), with the express permission of the local bishop, and only after a careful medical examination to exclude the possibility of mental illness. The Catholic Encyclopedia (1908) enjoined: "Superstition ought not to be confounded with religion, however much their history may be interwoven, nor magic, however white it may be, with a legitimate religious rite." Things listed in the Roman Ritual as being indicators of possible demonic possession include: speaking foreign or ancient languages of which the possessed has no prior knowledge; supernatural abilities and strength; knowledge of hidden or remote things which the possessed has no way of knowing; an aversion to anything holy; and profuse blasphemy and/or sacrilege. The first official guidelines for exorcism were established in 1614, whereas grimoires were widely known and used since the Ancient period. Those guidelines were later revised by the Vatican in 1999 as the demand for exorcisms increased. In the 15th century, Catholic exorcists were both priestly and lay, since every Christian was considered as having the power to command demons and drive them out in the name of Christ. These exorcists used the Order of Saint Benedict's formula "Vade retro satana" ("Step back, Satan") around this time. By the late 1960s, Roman Catholic exorcisms were seldom performed in the United States, but by the mid-1970s, popular film and literature revived interest in the ritual, with thousands claiming demonic possession. Maverick priests who belonged to fringes took advantage of the increase in demand and performed exorcisms with little or no official sanction. The exorcisms that they performed were, according to Contemporary American Religion, “clandestine, underground affairs, undertaken without the approval of the Catholic Church and without the rigorous psychological screening that the church required." In subsequent years, the Church took more aggressive action on the demon-expulsion front. The practice of exorcism without consent from the Catholic Church is what prompted the official guidelines from 1614 to be amended. The amendment established the procedure that clergy members and each individual who claims to be impacted by demonic possession must follow. This includes the rule that the potentially possessed individual must be evaluated by a medical professional before any other acts are taken. The primary reason for this action is to eliminate any suspicion of mental illness, before the next steps of the procedure are taken. Since demonic possession, according to Roman Catholic teachings, is extremely rare, and mental health issues are often mistaken for demonic possession, the Vatican requires that each diocese have a specially trained priest who is able to diagnose demonic possession and perform exorcisms when necessary.” (en)
  • カトリック教会のエクソシスム(カトリックきょうかいのエクソシスム)は、カトリック教会の儀式の一つ。 このエクソシスムのギリシャ語は、七十人訳聖書の翻訳の創世記24:3「誓い」、第一列王記22:16「命令」と新約マタイ福音書26:63の「生きている神に誓って言え」からとられている。命令による追放は、エクソシスムのおもな目的とする所であり、キリスト教の用語としては、真の神、キリストの名によってなされるとき、厳密な意味でエクソシスムである。カトリック百科事典は他宗教や民族宗教などの悪魔払いを迷信的として否定している。 カトリック教会の厳密なエクソシスムは教会法に沿ってなされるもので、叙階された司祭が、司教の特別な認可を受け、医学的なケアの上、行うことができる。 (ja)
  • 구마예식(驅魔禮式, 라틴어: Exorcismus 엑소르치르무스[*], 영어: exorcism 엑소시즘[*])는 예수 그리스도의 이름으로 장소나 사물 또는 사람을 악마에 의한 고통과 파괴, 사로잡힘에서 벗어나게 하는 기독교, 특히 로마 가톨릭교회의 구마 의식이다. 구마는 세례성사나 고해성사 등의 성사가 아니라 준성사에 속한다. 따라서 성사와는 달리 구마는 전례서에 규정된 순서나 일정한 형식을 그대로 따르지 않는다 하더라도 유효성에 문제가 발생하지 않는다. 《가톨릭교회 교리서》는 “교회가 어떤 사람이나 물건이 마귀의 세력으로부터 보호되고 마귀의 지배력에서 벗어나도록 예수 그리스도의 이름으로 공적인 권위를 가지고 청하는 것을 ‘구마’라고 한다. 예수님께서 이를 행하셨으며, 교회는 마귀를 쫓아내는 권능과 의무를 예수님께 받았다.”라고 말하고 있다. 가톨릭교회는 1999년 1월 구마 예식을 개정하면서, 기존의 전통적인 라틴어 구마 예식 또한 선택적으로 사용할 수 있게 허용하였다. 구마 예식은 부마자가 악마에 의해 육체적인 자유는 빼앗겼지만 자유의지는 여전히 존재한다고 간주하며, 기도와 축복, 《》를 통해 집전된다. 장엄 구마 예식(Magnus Exorcismus)은 교회법 제1172조에 따라 이를 위해 특별히 교육받아 선별된 성직자 또는 고위 성직자에 의해서만 집전될 수 있으며, 주교의 서면 허가와 정신장애를 배제하기 위한 세밀한 의학적 검사가 선행되어야만 집전될 수 있다. 1908년 미국 가톨릭 백과사전에 의하면 “신앙과 미신은 역사적으로 많은 부분이 서로 연관되어 있지만, 미신은 반드시 신앙과 구분되어야 하며 주술은 그것이 설사 백마술이라 할지라도 합법적인 종교 예식과 구분되어야만 한다.”라고 정하고 있다. 《》에 기술된 부마가 의심되는 징후에는 부마자가 전혀 알지 못했던 외국어나 고대 언어로 말하는 것을 비롯하여 초자연적인 능력이나 힘을 발휘하고, 도저히 알 방도가 없는 숨겨진 물건이나 다른 곳에 있는 물건을 찾아내고, 성물에 대한 두려움 내지는 적개심, 지속적이고 극심한 신성 모독 등이 있다. (ko)
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