Expansins are a family of closely related nonenzymatic proteins found in the plant cell wall, with important roles in plant cell growth, fruit softening, abscission, emergence of root hairs, pollen tube invasion of the stigma and style, meristem function, and other developmental processes where cell wall loosening occurs. Expansins were originally discovered as mediators of acid growth, which refers to the widespread characteristic of growing plant cell walls to expand faster at low (acidic) pH than at neutral pH. Expansins are thus linked to auxin action. They are also linked to cell enlargement and cell wall changes induced by other plant hormones such as gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene and brassinosteroids.
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| - Expansin (en)
- Expansine (fr)
- Espansine (it)
- Ekspansyny (pl)
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| - Ekspansyny (z łac. expando, sup. expansum "rozrastać się") – grupa białek o masie 29-30 kDa, obecnych w ścianie komórkowej roślin, odpowiedzialnych za wzrost komórki roślinnej związany z rozluźnieniem struktury ściany komórkowej. Wyróżniane są cztery rodziny ekspansyn: α-ekspansyny, β-ekspansyny, ekspansyny typu A i ekspansyny typu B. Ekspansyny α i β mają wykazaną doświadczalnie zdolność rozluźniania ścian komórkowych. Pozostałe dwie rodziny zostały poznane jedynie jako sekwencje genów. Zwykle cząsteczka ekspansyny składa się z 250-275 reszt aminokwasowych tworzących dwie domeny. (pl)
- Expansins are a family of closely related nonenzymatic proteins found in the plant cell wall, with important roles in plant cell growth, fruit softening, abscission, emergence of root hairs, pollen tube invasion of the stigma and style, meristem function, and other developmental processes where cell wall loosening occurs. Expansins were originally discovered as mediators of acid growth, which refers to the widespread characteristic of growing plant cell walls to expand faster at low (acidic) pH than at neutral pH. Expansins are thus linked to auxin action. They are also linked to cell enlargement and cell wall changes induced by other plant hormones such as gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene and brassinosteroids. (en)
- Les expansines forment une famille de protéines non-enzymatiques, étroitement apparentées entre elles, qui ont la capacité d'induire la relaxation des tensions et l'extension des parois des cellules végétales de façon pH-dépendante. Les expansines agissent par rupture des liaisons hydrogène (non-covalentes) entre hémicellulose et microfibrilles de cellulose dans la paroi primaire des cellules végétales en expansion. Les expansines ont, plus généralement, des rôles importants dans la croissance de la cellule végétale, l'initiation des poils racinaires, l'abscission, la progression du tube pollinique au sein du stigmate et du style, le fonctionnement du méristème, le ramollissement des fruits, et d'autres processus développementaux impliquant la plasticité de la paroi cellulaire.Les expansin (fr)
- Le espansine sono particolari proteine che permettono l'estensione della parete cellulare degli organismi vegetali. Sono proteine che, assieme all'enzima xiloglicano endotransglicosilasi (XET), agiscono sul rilassamento parietale delle piante in accrescimento primario. Le espansine catalizzano rotture dei legami idrogeno fra le e le emicellulose. La parete primaria (parete cellulare in distensione) è formata per lo più da molecole di cellulosa che sono tenute assieme da microfibrille al cui interno vi sono decine di lamine piane contenenti cellulosa. (it)
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| - Expansins are a family of closely related nonenzymatic proteins found in the plant cell wall, with important roles in plant cell growth, fruit softening, abscission, emergence of root hairs, pollen tube invasion of the stigma and style, meristem function, and other developmental processes where cell wall loosening occurs. Expansins were originally discovered as mediators of acid growth, which refers to the widespread characteristic of growing plant cell walls to expand faster at low (acidic) pH than at neutral pH. Expansins are thus linked to auxin action. They are also linked to cell enlargement and cell wall changes induced by other plant hormones such as gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene and brassinosteroids. A subset of the β-expansins are also the major group-1 allergens of grass pollens. (en)
- Les expansines forment une famille de protéines non-enzymatiques, étroitement apparentées entre elles, qui ont la capacité d'induire la relaxation des tensions et l'extension des parois des cellules végétales de façon pH-dépendante. Les expansines agissent par rupture des liaisons hydrogène (non-covalentes) entre hémicellulose et microfibrilles de cellulose dans la paroi primaire des cellules végétales en expansion. Les expansines ont, plus généralement, des rôles importants dans la croissance de la cellule végétale, l'initiation des poils racinaires, l'abscission, la progression du tube pollinique au sein du stigmate et du style, le fonctionnement du méristème, le ramollissement des fruits, et d'autres processus développementaux impliquant la plasticité de la paroi cellulaire.Les expansines furent à l'origine mises en évidence en tant que protéines ayant un rôle catalyseur dans l'extension des parois cellulaires chez des plantules de concombre, en conditions acides (voir (en)). Chez les graminées, certaines expansines du groupe des β-expansines se caractérisent aussi par leur rôle majeur dans l'allergénicité des pollens . (fr)
- Le espansine sono particolari proteine che permettono l'estensione della parete cellulare degli organismi vegetali. Sono proteine che, assieme all'enzima xiloglicano endotransglicosilasi (XET), agiscono sul rilassamento parietale delle piante in accrescimento primario. Le espansine catalizzano rotture dei legami idrogeno fra le e le emicellulose. La parete primaria (parete cellulare in distensione) è formata per lo più da molecole di cellulosa che sono tenute assieme da microfibrille al cui interno vi sono decine di lamine piane contenenti cellulosa. Al momento dell'estensione della pianta, dunque della parete primaria, vi è la rottura di legami a ponti idrogeno e la riformazione degli stessi con la differenza dei nuovi aggregamenti tra xiloglicani e microfibrille. (it)
- Ekspansyny (z łac. expando, sup. expansum "rozrastać się") – grupa białek o masie 29-30 kDa, obecnych w ścianie komórkowej roślin, odpowiedzialnych za wzrost komórki roślinnej związany z rozluźnieniem struktury ściany komórkowej. Wyróżniane są cztery rodziny ekspansyn: α-ekspansyny, β-ekspansyny, ekspansyny typu A i ekspansyny typu B. Ekspansyny α i β mają wykazaną doświadczalnie zdolność rozluźniania ścian komórkowych. Pozostałe dwie rodziny zostały poznane jedynie jako sekwencje genów. Zwykle cząsteczka ekspansyny składa się z 250-275 reszt aminokwasowych tworzących dwie domeny. (pl)
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