In petroleum exploration and development, formation evaluation is used to determine the ability of a borehole to produce petroleum. Essentially, it is the process of "recognizing a commercial well when you drill one". The formation evaluation problem is a matter of answering two questions: It is complicated by the impossibility of directly examining the formation. It is, in short, the problem of looking at the formation indirectly.
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| - Formation evaluation (en)
- 地层评价 (zh)
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| - 地层评价（英語：formation evaluation）是指综合运用地质、钻井、测井和实验分析的资料,对油氣储层的成岩阶段、原生和次生矿物、各种孔(裂)隙的测定、分类、孔隙结构及它们对油气產能的影响等进行全面研究和评价。影响油氣储层產能力的因素很多，如有效厚度、渗透率、孔隙度、砂体延伸长度、孔隙结构参数、层内非均质程度等。必须采用多项参数，进行综合评价。 現代旋轉鑽井通常使用泥漿作為潤滑劑，並作為對井眼地層表面產生圍壓的手段，防止井噴。但泥漿濾液會滲入井眼周圍的地層中，泥餅會粘在井眼的兩側。也掩蓋了地層中可能存在的石油或天然氣得顯示。因此必須依賴檢測油氣的工具。最直接和最原始的工具是泥浆录井和取芯檢查。隨著科技發達，間接的工具包括电缆测井（英語：wire line log），电阻率测井（英語：resistivity log），自然电位测井（英語：Spontaneous potential log），伽玛射线测井（英語：gamma ray log），及孔隙度测井（英語：porosity log）等均被常規運用。 (zh)
- In petroleum exploration and development, formation evaluation is used to determine the ability of a borehole to produce petroleum. Essentially, it is the process of "recognizing a commercial well when you drill one". The formation evaluation problem is a matter of answering two questions: It is complicated by the impossibility of directly examining the formation. It is, in short, the problem of looking at the formation indirectly. (en)
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| - In petroleum exploration and development, formation evaluation is used to determine the ability of a borehole to produce petroleum. Essentially, it is the process of "recognizing a commercial well when you drill one". Modern rotary drilling usually uses a heavy mud as a lubricant and as a means of producing a confining pressure against the formation face in the borehole, preventing blowouts. Only in rare and catastrophic cases, do oil and gas wells come in with a fountain of gushing oil. In real life, that is a blowout—and usually also a financial and environmental disaster. But controlling blowouts has drawbacks—mud filtrate soaks into the formation around the borehole and a mud cake plasters the sides of the hole. These factors obscure the possible presence of oil or gas in even very porous formations. Further complicating the problem is the widespread occurrence of small amounts of petroleum in the rocks of many sedimentary provinces. In fact, if a sedimentary province is absolutely barren of traces of petroleum, it is not feasible to continue drilling there. The formation evaluation problem is a matter of answering two questions: 1.
* What are the lower limits for porosity, permeability and upper limits for water saturation that permit profitable production from a particular formation or pay zone; in a particular geographic area; in a particular economic climate. 2.
* Do any of the formations in the well under consideration exceed these lower limits. It is complicated by the impossibility of directly examining the formation. It is, in short, the problem of looking at the formation indirectly. (en)
- 地层评价（英語：formation evaluation）是指综合运用地质、钻井、测井和实验分析的资料,对油氣储层的成岩阶段、原生和次生矿物、各种孔(裂)隙的测定、分类、孔隙结构及它们对油气產能的影响等进行全面研究和评价。影响油氣储层產能力的因素很多，如有效厚度、渗透率、孔隙度、砂体延伸长度、孔隙结构参数、层内非均质程度等。必须采用多项参数，进行综合评价。 現代旋轉鑽井通常使用泥漿作為潤滑劑，並作為對井眼地層表面產生圍壓的手段，防止井噴。但泥漿濾液會滲入井眼周圍的地層中，泥餅會粘在井眼的兩側。也掩蓋了地層中可能存在的石油或天然氣得顯示。因此必須依賴檢測油氣的工具。最直接和最原始的工具是泥浆录井和取芯檢查。隨著科技發達，間接的工具包括电缆测井（英語：wire line log），电阻率测井（英語：resistivity log），自然电位测井（英語：Spontaneous potential log），伽玛射线测井（英語：gamma ray log），及孔隙度测井（英語：porosity log）等均被常規運用。 (zh)
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