The Four Kings' Alliance of February 27, 1850, was an alliance between Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover and Württemberg. These four kingdoms, under the influence of Austria, supported essentially the Austrian plan of a Greater Austria: a German Confederation with all of Austria as a member, including a customs union. But they wanted to enrich the German Confederation with more power and institutions than Austria initially had planned.
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| - Vierkönigsbündnis (de)
- Four Kings' Alliance (en)
- 四王聯盟 (zh)
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| - 四王聯盟（德語：Vierkönigsbündnis），成立于1850年2月27日，是巴伐利亞、薩克森、漢諾威和符騰堡四個王國組成的聯盟。這四個王國在奧地利的影響下，基本上支持奧地利的大奧地利（德語：Großösterreich）方案，即一個德意志邦聯，包括關稅同盟的所有成員國和整個奧地利。但這四個王國想用比奧地利最初計劃的更多的權力和制度來豐富德意志邦聯。 四王聯盟背景是普魯士努力建立一個沒有奧地利的德意志聯邦國家。埃爾福特聯盟便是這一想法的產物，該聯盟的成員國主要限於德國北部。四個王國以反對意見來回應普魯士改革德意志邦聯的行為。最後，普魯士構建新的聯邦國家的努力在諸多力量的反對下付諸東流。1851 年，埃爾福特聯盟瓦解，舊的德意志邦聯體制被重新建立。 四王聯盟的主要訴求是以統一德國的技術管理和基礎設施，包括海關、度量衡、鐵路、郵政服務等。此外，它還預見了幾個新的機構的設立來代替舊的邦聯議會：邦聯政府、邦聯法院和“國家代表”（代表各邦國，從各邦議會產生，而不是被國家議會制定）。 (zh)
- Das Vierkönigsbündnis wurde am 27. Februar 1850 geschlossen, zwischen Bayern, Sachsen, Hannover und Württemberg. Die vier Königreiche, beeinflusst von Österreich, unterstützten damit im Wesentlichen den Großösterreich-Plan. Sie wollten den Deutschen Bund mit mehr Macht und Institutionen ausrüsten als der ursprüngliche Plan Österreichs. (de)
- The Four Kings' Alliance of February 27, 1850, was an alliance between Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover and Württemberg. These four kingdoms, under the influence of Austria, supported essentially the Austrian plan of a Greater Austria: a German Confederation with all of Austria as a member, including a customs union. But they wanted to enrich the German Confederation with more power and institutions than Austria initially had planned. (en)
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| - Four Kings' Alliance (en)
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| - Prussia's effort to create a federal state in Germany without Austria (en)
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| - Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover and Württemberg (en)
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| - March / April 1850: in yellow those states that elected members of the German Parliament. In red the states of the Four Kings' Alliance. (en)
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| - Das Vierkönigsbündnis wurde am 27. Februar 1850 geschlossen, zwischen Bayern, Sachsen, Hannover und Württemberg. Die vier Königreiche, beeinflusst von Österreich, unterstützten damit im Wesentlichen den Großösterreich-Plan. Sie wollten den Deutschen Bund mit mehr Macht und Institutionen ausrüsten als der ursprüngliche Plan Österreichs. Hintergrund war der Versuch Preußens, einen kleindeutschen Bundesstaat zu errichten. Die sogenannte Erfurter Union wäre nach dem damaligen Stand aber auf Norddeutschland beschränkt gewesen. Die Königreiche wollten dieser beabsichtigten Staatsgründung mit einem Gegenentwurf für eine Bundesreform begegnen. Letztlich aber scheiterten beide Versuche, und es wurde der alte Deutsche Bund wiederhergestellt. (de)
- The Four Kings' Alliance of February 27, 1850, was an alliance between Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover and Württemberg. These four kingdoms, under the influence of Austria, supported essentially the Austrian plan of a Greater Austria: a German Confederation with all of Austria as a member, including a customs union. But they wanted to enrich the German Confederation with more power and institutions than Austria initially had planned. The background was Prussia's effort to create a federal state in Germany without Austria (kleindeutscher Bundesstaat). This so-called Erfurt Union would have been, given the present situation, limited mostly to Northern Germany. The four kingdoms wanted to answer this Prussian effort with a counter proposal, in order to reform the German Confederation. Finally, both efforts failed, and in 1851 the old German Confederation was fully re-established. The paper of the four kingdoms wanted to expand the purpose of the confederation to unify the technical-administrative infrastructure of Germany, with regard to customs, measures and weights, the railway, post services etc. Also, it foresaw the installation of several distinct organs in place of the old Bundestag: a federal government, a federal court and also a 'national representation'. The latter was not supposed to be a directly elected parliament but an organ that represented the states' parliaments. (en)
- 四王聯盟（德語：Vierkönigsbündnis），成立于1850年2月27日，是巴伐利亞、薩克森、漢諾威和符騰堡四個王國組成的聯盟。這四個王國在奧地利的影響下，基本上支持奧地利的大奧地利（德語：Großösterreich）方案，即一個德意志邦聯，包括關稅同盟的所有成員國和整個奧地利。但這四個王國想用比奧地利最初計劃的更多的權力和制度來豐富德意志邦聯。 四王聯盟背景是普魯士努力建立一個沒有奧地利的德意志聯邦國家。埃爾福特聯盟便是這一想法的產物，該聯盟的成員國主要限於德國北部。四個王國以反對意見來回應普魯士改革德意志邦聯的行為。最後，普魯士構建新的聯邦國家的努力在諸多力量的反對下付諸東流。1851 年，埃爾福特聯盟瓦解，舊的德意志邦聯體制被重新建立。 四王聯盟的主要訴求是以統一德國的技術管理和基礎設施，包括海關、度量衡、鐵路、郵政服務等。此外，它還預見了幾個新的機構的設立來代替舊的邦聯議會：邦聯政府、邦聯法院和“國家代表”（代表各邦國，從各邦議會產生，而不是被國家議會制定）。 (zh)
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