Frazil ice is a collection of loose, randomly oriented ice crystals millimeter and sub-millimeter in size, with various shapes, e.g. elliptical disks, dendrites, needles and of an irregular nature. Frazil ice forms during the winter in open-water reaches of rivers as well as in lakes and reservoirs, where and when the water is in a turbulent state, which is, in turn, induced by the action of waves and currents. Turbulence causes the water column to become supercooled, as the heat exchange between the air and the water is such that the water temperature drops below its freezing point (in order of a few tenths of °C or less). The vertical mixing associated with that turbulence provides enough energy to overcome the crystals' buoyancy, thus keeping them from floating at the surface. Frazil i
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| - Frazil-Eis (de)
- Frazil ice (en)
- Frasil (fr)
- Gelo frazil (pt)
- Krav (istyp) (sv)
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| - Frazil-Eis ist eine Ansammlung loser, zufällig orientierter nadelförmiger Eiskristalle in flüssigem Wasser. Es liegt in der Form von Slush vor und erscheint von der Oberfläche des Wassers aus gesehen etwas ölig. Es bildet sich sporadisch in offenem, turbulentem, unterkühltem Wasser, was bedeutet, dass es sich normalerweise in Flüssen, Seen und Ozeanen in klaren Nächten bei Lufttemperaturen unter −6 °C bildet. Frazil-Eis ist das erste Stadium der Entstehung von Meereis. (de)
- Le frasil (ou frazil) est formé de fines aiguilles ou plaquettes de glace en suspension dans l'eau. Il s'agit du premier stade de formation de la glace sur les eaux douces ou salées. Les cristaux se forment dans de l'eau surfondue très agitée par nuit claire quand la température de l'air est égale ou inférieure à −6 °C. (fr)
- Frazil é um conjunto de cristais de gelo disperso e randômico em forma de agulha. Esse tipo de formação lembra lodo e tem a aparência de ser ligeiramente oleoso quando visto na superfície aquática. Frazis formam-se esporadicamente em águas abertas, turbulentas e geladas, sendo comuns a rios, lagos e oceanos, em noites claras, quando o clima é mais frio e a temperatura do ar alcança −6 °C (21 °F) ou menos. Gelo frazil é o primeiro estágio de desenvolvimento de gelo marítimo. (pt)
- Krav (en: Frazil) är små millimeterstora iskristaller som flyter fritt i vatten. Det kan liknas vid att det snöar i vattnet.Krav bildas i öppet, underkylt vatten (vatten som har en temperatur under noll grader) som hålls i rörelse.Det kan gälla rinnande vattendrag eller vatten i havet eller stora sjöar som hålls i rörelse av vågor. (sv)
- Frazil ice is a collection of loose, randomly oriented ice crystals millimeter and sub-millimeter in size, with various shapes, e.g. elliptical disks, dendrites, needles and of an irregular nature. Frazil ice forms during the winter in open-water reaches of rivers as well as in lakes and reservoirs, where and when the water is in a turbulent state, which is, in turn, induced by the action of waves and currents. Turbulence causes the water column to become supercooled, as the heat exchange between the air and the water is such that the water temperature drops below its freezing point (in order of a few tenths of °C or less). The vertical mixing associated with that turbulence provides enough energy to overcome the crystals' buoyancy, thus keeping them from floating at the surface. Frazil i (en)
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| - Frazil-Eis ist eine Ansammlung loser, zufällig orientierter nadelförmiger Eiskristalle in flüssigem Wasser. Es liegt in der Form von Slush vor und erscheint von der Oberfläche des Wassers aus gesehen etwas ölig. Es bildet sich sporadisch in offenem, turbulentem, unterkühltem Wasser, was bedeutet, dass es sich normalerweise in Flüssen, Seen und Ozeanen in klaren Nächten bei Lufttemperaturen unter −6 °C bildet. Frazil-Eis ist das erste Stadium der Entstehung von Meereis. (de)
- Frazil ice is a collection of loose, randomly oriented ice crystals millimeter and sub-millimeter in size, with various shapes, e.g. elliptical disks, dendrites, needles and of an irregular nature. Frazil ice forms during the winter in open-water reaches of rivers as well as in lakes and reservoirs, where and when the water is in a turbulent state, which is, in turn, induced by the action of waves and currents. Turbulence causes the water column to become supercooled, as the heat exchange between the air and the water is such that the water temperature drops below its freezing point (in order of a few tenths of °C or less). The vertical mixing associated with that turbulence provides enough energy to overcome the crystals' buoyancy, thus keeping them from floating at the surface. Frazil ice also forms in oceans, where windy conditions, wave regimes and cold air also favor the establishment of a supercooled layer. Frazil ice can be found on the downwind side of leads, and in polynyas. In these environments, that ice can eventually accumulate at the water surface into what is referred to as grease ice. Frazil ice is notorious for blocking water intakes as crystals accumulate and build up on the intake trash rack. Such blockages negatively impact water supply facilities, hydropower plants, nuclear power facilities, and vessels navigating in cold waters, and can lead to unexpected shut downs of the facility or even collapse of the trash rack. (en)
- Le frasil (ou frazil) est formé de fines aiguilles ou plaquettes de glace en suspension dans l'eau. Il s'agit du premier stade de formation de la glace sur les eaux douces ou salées. Les cristaux se forment dans de l'eau surfondue très agitée par nuit claire quand la température de l'air est égale ou inférieure à −6 °C. (fr)
- Frazil é um conjunto de cristais de gelo disperso e randômico em forma de agulha. Esse tipo de formação lembra lodo e tem a aparência de ser ligeiramente oleoso quando visto na superfície aquática. Frazis formam-se esporadicamente em águas abertas, turbulentas e geladas, sendo comuns a rios, lagos e oceanos, em noites claras, quando o clima é mais frio e a temperatura do ar alcança −6 °C (21 °F) ou menos. Gelo frazil é o primeiro estágio de desenvolvimento de gelo marítimo. (pt)
- Krav (en: Frazil) är små millimeterstora iskristaller som flyter fritt i vatten. Det kan liknas vid att det snöar i vattnet.Krav bildas i öppet, underkylt vatten (vatten som har en temperatur under noll grader) som hålls i rörelse.Det kan gälla rinnande vattendrag eller vatten i havet eller stora sjöar som hålls i rörelse av vågor. (sv)
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