About: Ghost (physics)

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In the terminology of quantum field theory, a ghost, ghost field, ghost particle, or gauge ghost is an unphysical state in a gauge theory. Ghosts are necessary to keep gauge invariance in theories where the local fields exceed a number of physical degrees of freedom. A field with a negative ghost number (the number of ghosts excitations in the field) is called an anti-ghost.

Attributes	Values
rdfs:label	Hantu (fisika) (in) Ghost (physics) (en) Fantasma (física) (pt)
rdfs:comment	Hantu adalah keadaan non-fisik dalam sebuah teori. Mereka menyatakan negatif normal, atau bidang dengan tanda yang salah pada istilah kinetik, seperti Hantu Pauli–Villars, yang keberadaannya memungkinkan probabilitas untuk menjadi negatif sehingga melanggar unitaritas. (in) Fantasmas, em física, são estados não-físicos em uma teoria. Eles são estados de norma negativa ou campos com o sinal errado do termo cinético, como os fantasmas de Pauli-Villars, cuja existência permite que as probabilidades sejam negativas, violando assim a unitariedade. (pt) In the terminology of quantum field theory, a ghost, ghost field, ghost particle, or gauge ghost is an unphysical state in a gauge theory. Ghosts are necessary to keep gauge invariance in theories where the local fields exceed a number of physical degrees of freedom. A field with a negative ghost number (the number of ghosts excitations in the field) is called an anti-ghost. (en)
dcterms:subject	Quantum field theory
Wikipage page ID	52745729 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1119011763 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	Quantum field theory Scalar field Non-abelian gauge theories Anticausal system Path integral formulation Renormalization University of Nottingham Vacuum state Victor Popov Virtual particle Degrees of freedom Quantum field theory Gauge boson Gauge theory Yang–Mills theory Quantization of the electromagnetic field Electroweak interaction Gauge fixing Goddard–Thorn theorem Goldstone boson Cosmic microwave background Lagrangian (field theory) Anticommutativity Lev Landau Lorentz invariance Lower bound Ludvig Faddeev Magnetic vector potential Sign convention Standard Model Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics) Gauge invariance W and Z bosons Nima Arkani-Hamed Kinetic term Regularization (physics) Asymptotic freedom Pauli–Villars regularization Landau pole Coefficient Higgs mechanism Unitarity (physics) Boson Photon Polarization (waves) Special unitary group Spontaneous symmetry breaking Circle group Field (physics) Metric signature Negative probability Faddeev–Popov ghost Vacuum expectation value Non-Gaussianity Legendre transform Superluminal dbr:Markus_Luty dbr:Wikt:unphysical
Link from a Wikipage to an external page	http://www.sixtysymbols.com/videos/ghost_particles.htm
sameAs	Ghost (physics) Ghost (physics) Ghost (physics) Ghost (physics)
dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate	dbt:Cite_AV_media dbt:Main dbt:Math dbt:Refimprove_section dbt:Reflist dbt:Short_description dbt:Quantum_field_theory dbt:Particles
has abstract	In the terminology of quantum field theory, a ghost, ghost field, ghost particle, or gauge ghost is an unphysical state in a gauge theory. Ghosts are necessary to keep gauge invariance in theories where the local fields exceed a number of physical degrees of freedom. If a given theory is self-consistent by the introduction of ghosts, these states are labeled "good". Good ghosts are virtual particles that are introduced for regularization, like Faddeev–Popov ghosts. Otherwise, "bad" ghosts admit undesired non-virtual states in a theory, like Pauli–Villars ghosts that introduce particles with negative kinetic energy. An example of the need of ghost fields is the photon, which is usually described by a four component vector potential Aμ, even if light has only two allowed polarizations in the vacuum. To remove the unphysical degrees of freedom, it is necessary to enforce some restrictions, one way to do this reduction is to introduce some ghost field in the theory. While it is not always necessary to add ghosts to quantize the electromagnetic field, ghost fields are strictly needed when dealing with non-Abelian Yang–Mills theory extensions to the Standard Model. A field with a negative ghost number (the number of ghosts excitations in the field) is called an anti-ghost. (en) Hantu adalah keadaan non-fisik dalam sebuah teori. Mereka menyatakan negatif normal, atau bidang dengan tanda yang salah pada istilah kinetik, seperti Hantu Pauli–Villars, yang keberadaannya memungkinkan probabilitas untuk menjadi negatif sehingga melanggar unitaritas. (in) Fantasmas, em física, são estados não-físicos em uma teoria. Eles são estados de norma negativa ou campos com o sinal errado do termo cinético, como os fantasmas de Pauli-Villars, cuja existência permite que as probabilidades sejam negativas, violando assim a unitariedade. (pt)
prov:wasDerivedFrom	wikipedia-en:Ghost_(physics)?oldid=1119011763&ns=0
page length (characters) of wiki page	8811 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf	wikipedia-en:Ghost_(physics)
is Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage of	Paul Frampton Claudia de Rham Gauge fixing Ghost condensation Ghost fields Ghosts (physics) Massive gravity Ghost (disambiguation) Charles Thorn Rachel Rosen Twistor theory Stuart Samuel (physicist) Faddeev–Popov ghost Lovelock theory of gravity

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