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The global language system is the "ingenious pattern of connections between language groups". Dutch sociologist Abram de Swaan developed this theory in 2001 in his book Words of the World: The Global Language System and according to him, "the multilingual connections between language groups do not occur haphazardly, but, on the contrary, they constitute a surprisingly strong and efficient network that ties together – directly or indirectly – the six billion inhabitants of the earth." The global language system draws upon the world system theory to account for the relationships between the world's languages and divides them into a hierarchy consisting of , namely the peripheral, central, supercentral and hypercentral languages.

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  • Sistema lingüístico global (es)
  • Global language system (en)
  • Liste hiérarchique des langues (fr)
  • 全球语言体系 (zh)
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  • The global language system is the "ingenious pattern of connections between language groups". Dutch sociologist Abram de Swaan developed this theory in 2001 in his book Words of the World: The Global Language System and according to him, "the multilingual connections between language groups do not occur haphazardly, but, on the contrary, they constitute a surprisingly strong and efficient network that ties together – directly or indirectly – the six billion inhabitants of the earth." The global language system draws upon the world system theory to account for the relationships between the world's languages and divides them into a hierarchy consisting of , namely the peripheral, central, supercentral and hypercentral languages. (en)
  • À partir de différentes études sur les langues, elles peuvent être classées hiérarchiquement en fonction de leur importance dans le monde. , dans son ouvrage The future of English de 1997, établissait une hiérarchie des langues, sous la forme d'une pyramide. Hamel, dans ses travaux, a obtenu des résultats très similaires. Ou encore Calvet, dans son baromètre des langues. (fr)
  • 根据荷兰学者亚伯拉姆·德·斯瓦安(荷兰语:Abram de Swaan)建立在广泛的使用者的社会作用的基础上的社会学的语言分类,他认为全球的语言体系(Global language system)有以下类别: * 边缘语言(Peripheral languages):没人认为值得学习的语言,除非是为了改善自身的交流能力; * 中心语言(Central languages):有广泛使用人群的语言; * 超中心语言(Supercentral languages):有极广泛使用人群的语言,扮演了连接中心语言使用者的角色;据斯瓦安的定义,此类的语言有十二种,包括:阿拉伯语、汉语、英语、法语、德语、日语、葡萄牙语、西班牙语、俄语、马来语、印地语和斯瓦希里语。 * 极中心语言(Hypercentral languages):连接超中心语言;斯瓦安选择英语作为唯一的极中心语言。 (zh)
  • De acuerdo con el sociólogo holandés (2001),​ una clasificación sociológica de las lenguas de acuerdo con su papel social a gran escala para sus hablantes: * Lenguas centrales: lenguas ampliamente habladas; * Lenguas supercentrales: lenguas muy ampliamente habladas que sirven como conectores entre hablantes de lenguas centrales; de acuerdo con de Swaan, hay doce de estas: Alemán, árabe, chino, español, francés, hindi, inglés, japonés, malayo/indonesio, portugués, ruso y suajili; * Lenguas hipercentrales: también conectan lenguas supercentrales; de Swaan considera el inglés como la única lengua hipercentral; * Lenguas periféricas: el resto -- lenguas que han sido marginadas por las lenguas supercentrales, por el propósito de mejorar sus facilidades de comunicación; además de ser lengua (es)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The_world_language_hierarchy_(adapted_from_Graddol,_1997).jpg
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