Gold mining in Brazil has taken place continually in the Amazon, beginning in the 1690s, has profoundly transformed the economy of Brazil and other surrounding countries. In the late 17th century, amid the search for indigenous people to use in the slave trade, Portuguese colonists began to recognize the abundance of gold in the Amazon, triggering what would become the longest gold rush in history. As a consequence, the area was flooded with prospectors from around the globe. Because of an already profitable agricultural operation taking place in the east, many Brazilians have been funneled into the jungle as part of several agricultural reform programs. Though the methods and practices have changed in the following centuries, the fact remains that the Amazon can yield tremendous quantitie
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| - Gold mining in Brazil (en)
- Exploitation aurifère au Brésil (fr)
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| - Gold mining in Brazil has taken place continually in the Amazon, beginning in the 1690s, has profoundly transformed the economy of Brazil and other surrounding countries. In the late 17th century, amid the search for indigenous people to use in the slave trade, Portuguese colonists began to recognize the abundance of gold in the Amazon, triggering what would become the longest gold rush in history. As a consequence, the area was flooded with prospectors from around the globe. Because of an already profitable agricultural operation taking place in the east, many Brazilians have been funneled into the jungle as part of several agricultural reform programs. Though the methods and practices have changed in the following centuries, the fact remains that the Amazon can yield tremendous quantitie (en)
- L'exploitation de l'or au Brésil remonte à la fin du XVIIe siècle. Il connaît une période très intense au XVIIIe siècle, marquée par une ruée vers l'or qui implique un très fort recours à l'esclavage, mais aussi par un enrichissement très rapide de la couronne portugaise. Au XXe siècle, l'exploitation de l'or brésilien se poursuit, le pays acquérant même le premier rang mondial en 1980 à la faveur de l'épuisement des gisements sud-africains, avant de diminuer de manière continuelle. (fr)
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| - Gold mining in Brazil has taken place continually in the Amazon, beginning in the 1690s, has profoundly transformed the economy of Brazil and other surrounding countries. In the late 17th century, amid the search for indigenous people to use in the slave trade, Portuguese colonists began to recognize the abundance of gold in the Amazon, triggering what would become the longest gold rush in history. As a consequence, the area was flooded with prospectors from around the globe. Because of an already profitable agricultural operation taking place in the east, many Brazilians have been funneled into the jungle as part of several agricultural reform programs. Though the methods and practices have changed in the following centuries, the fact remains that the Amazon can yield tremendous quantities of gold for those who are willing to venture into the jungle. The work is often dangerous and detrimental to the surrounding ecosystems. Because artisanal mining is prohibited under federal law, the methods employed are often crude and unregulated, resulting in polluted water and massive deforestation. More recently, partly due to the increasing price of gold, small-scale mining activity increased by 300% from 2000 to 2010. Illegal miners have been emboldened by the policies of President Jair Bolsonaro who has opposed the protection of indigenous populations living in areas targeted for mining. (en)
- L'exploitation de l'or au Brésil remonte à la fin du XVIIe siècle. Il connaît une période très intense au XVIIIe siècle, marquée par une ruée vers l'or qui implique un très fort recours à l'esclavage, mais aussi par un enrichissement très rapide de la couronne portugaise. Au XXe siècle, l'exploitation de l'or brésilien se poursuit, le pays acquérant même le premier rang mondial en 1980 à la faveur de l'épuisement des gisements sud-africains, avant de diminuer de manière continuelle. L'enchérissement de l'or au cours des années 2010 puis 2020 conduit les autorités brésiliennes, notamment la banque centrale, mais aussi les gouvernements de Dilma Rousseff puis de Jair Bolsonaro, à acheter de l'or et à favoriser son extraction au Brésil, y compris dans des terres jusque-là protégées, particulièrement en Amazonie. L'extraction aurifère pose de nombreux problèmes, d'une part de pollution, d'autre part de déforestation et de maltraitance des populations autochotones. (fr)
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