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The Gongche Shangshu movement (simplified Chinese: 公车上书; traditional Chinese: 公車上書; pinyin: Gōngchē Shàngshū), or Petition of the Examination Candidates, also known as the Scholar's Petition to the Throne, was a political movement in China during the late Qing dynasty, seeking reforms and expressing opposition to the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895. It is considered the first modern political movement in China. Leaders of the movement later became leaders of the Hundred Days' Reform.

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  • Gongche Shangshu movement (en)
  • 公车上书 (zh)
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  • The Gongche Shangshu movement (simplified Chinese: 公车上书; traditional Chinese: 公車上書; pinyin: Gōngchē Shàngshū), or Petition of the Examination Candidates, also known as the Scholar's Petition to the Throne, was a political movement in China during the late Qing dynasty, seeking reforms and expressing opposition to the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895. It is considered the first modern political movement in China. Leaders of the movement later became leaders of the Hundred Days' Reform. (en)
  • 公車上書，全稱公車孝廉連署上書，指康有为于清朝光绪二十一年（1895年）率同梁启超等公車孝廉联名向北京的光绪皇帝上书，反对在甲午战争中败于日本的清政府签订丧权辱国的《马关条约》。此舉被认为是维新派登上历史舞台的标志，也被认为是中国群众的政治运动的开端。 如茅海建等不少学者则考証许多文献表示，康有为所谓的组织「公車孝廉連署上書」，事实上，原先只有八十個舉人參加連署。而當時仅仅一名廣東舉人陳景華的上書都有兩百八十人的連署，遠勝康有為。其實當時也有真正成功的上書，实由当时的翁同龢、李鸿藻、汪鸣銮等京城高官发动组织，目的是阻挠《马关条约》的签订。 (zh)
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  • Gōngchē Shàngshū (en)
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  • 公车上书 (en)
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  • 公車上書 (en)
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  • The Gongche Shangshu movement (simplified Chinese: 公车上书; traditional Chinese: 公車上書; pinyin: Gōngchē Shàngshū), or Petition of the Examination Candidates, also known as the Scholar's Petition to the Throne, was a political movement in China during the late Qing dynasty, seeking reforms and expressing opposition to the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895. It is considered the first modern political movement in China. Leaders of the movement later became leaders of the Hundred Days' Reform. (en)
  • 公車上書，全稱公車孝廉連署上書，指康有为于清朝光绪二十一年（1895年）率同梁启超等公車孝廉联名向北京的光绪皇帝上书，反对在甲午战争中败于日本的清政府签订丧权辱国的《马关条约》。此舉被认为是维新派登上历史舞台的标志，也被认为是中国群众的政治运动的开端。 如茅海建等不少学者则考証许多文献表示，康有为所谓的组织「公車孝廉連署上書」，事实上，原先只有八十個舉人參加連署。而當時仅仅一名廣東舉人陳景華的上書都有兩百八十人的連署，遠勝康有為。其實當時也有真正成功的上書，实由当时的翁同龢、李鸿藻、汪鸣銮等京城高官发动组织，目的是阻挠《马关条约》的签订。 (zh)
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