Gosains, (गोसाईं) who are also known as Gossains and as Goswami, are Hindu ascetics of India. The term can be translated as master of passion. They are sometimes referred to more generally as Sannyasis. The Nawabs of Awadh, who ruled Oudh State in the 18th and 19th centuries and were Muslim successors to the Mughal empire, recruited from Gosain martial brotherhoods as a way to assimilate influential Hindu elements of society and buttress their own sources of power. This attempt at creating a plural society was in sharp contrast to the zealotry that had characterised their predecessors.
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- Индийские аскеты-воины (ru)
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| - Gosains, (गोसाईं) who are also known as Gossains and as Goswami, are Hindu ascetics of India. The term can be translated as master of passion. They are sometimes referred to more generally as Sannyasis. The Nawabs of Awadh, who ruled Oudh State in the 18th and 19th centuries and were Muslim successors to the Mughal empire, recruited from Gosain martial brotherhoods as a way to assimilate influential Hindu elements of society and buttress their own sources of power. This attempt at creating a plural society was in sharp contrast to the zealotry that had characterised their predecessors. (en)
- Индийские аскеты-воины – монахи-воины, члены военизированных подразделений различных объединений индийских аскетов, игравшие значительную роль в политической и экономической жизни Индии, начиная со времени индийского средневековья и до подавления . (ru)
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| - Gosains, (गोसाईं) who are also known as Gossains and as Goswami, are Hindu ascetics of India. The term can be translated as master of passion. They are sometimes referred to more generally as Sannyasis. The Gosains were powerful nomadic and mercenary trading groups who undertook pilgrimages across significant areas of land. While early British colonists in Bengal Presidency considered them to be marauding robbers, similar to the Banjaras, they were also important to urban economies and the development of wider trade networks. These itinerant religious mendicant groups could be very large in number, with figures in excess of 50,000 being probable for those headed by figures such as Umrao Giri and Himmat Bahadur in the late 1700s. Their numerical strength enabled them to be self-protecting and also to protect the trade routes that they used, regardless of who might have titular power in any given place. Their movements were often dictated by religious festivals, both of a localised village nature and of a more widely celebrated type, such as Holi. As these festivals were also occasions for seasonal markets, so the Gosains were able to move and trade goods between areas. The Nawabs of Awadh, who ruled Oudh State in the 18th and 19th centuries and were Muslim successors to the Mughal empire, recruited from Gosain martial brotherhoods as a way to assimilate influential Hindu elements of society and buttress their own sources of power. This attempt at creating a plural society was in sharp contrast to the zealotry that had characterised their predecessors. (en)
- Индийские аскеты-воины – монахи-воины, члены военизированных подразделений различных объединений индийских аскетов, игравшие значительную роль в политической и экономической жизни Индии, начиная со времени индийского средневековья и до подавления . Возникнув как ответ на мусульманское вторжение в XII веке для оказания сопротивления вооруженным отрядам факиров и дервишей, от рук которых незащищенные аскеты страдали в первую очередь, со временем аскеты-воины превратились в организованные отряды наемников, использующих мушкеты и конницу. Дисциплина, иерархия, верность своим предводителям и пренебрежение к смерти позволяли аскетам легко адаптироваться к военизированным организациям. Достигнув пика своего могущества к середине XVIII века, когда объединения военизированных аскетов представляли собой уже многотысячные армии с конницей и артиллерией и даже сами нанимали на службу наемников, после поражения Восстания санньясинов и факиров в Бенгалии и Бихаре в самом конце XVIII века их роль в политической и экономической жизни Индии неуклонно снижалась. В немалой степени этому способствовало объявление аскетов вне закона и их преследование в рамках антитаговской компании. До настоящего времени сохранились некоторые , в которых происходит обучение аскетов воинским навыкам. Выполняемые упражнения считаются формой поклонения или молитвы Хануману. Ранее воинские практики и участие в битвах были для аскетов-воинов необходимыми условиями не только самоидентификации и самосовершенствования, но и средством достижения религиозного спасения. (ru)
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