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| - El fòrum Grand Alliance (o Gran Aliança) és un consorci nord-americà d'actors implicats en la indústria de la televisió creada el 1993 però el seu principi es remunta a 1987, època on Europa va adoptar el i l'Alta Definició analògica. El seu objectiu principal va consistir en definir les normes comunes de la Televisió digital i de la televisió d'alta definició per als Estats Units, Canadà i els països associats del bloc nord-americà. Durant el seu desenvolupament i llançament, va comptar 7 actors importants del sector, AT & T Corporation, , , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Philips Consumer Electronics, Thomson Consumer Electronics i Zenith Electronics Corporation.El sistema DTV de la Grand Alliance serà la base per al estàndard ATSC. Una agrupació similar es va fonamen (ca)
- El foro Grand Alliance (o Gran Alianza) es un consorcio estadounidense de actores implicados en la industria de la televisión creada en 1993 pero su principio se remonta a 1987, época donde Europa adopta el D2-Mac y la Alta Definición analógica (HD Mac). Su objetivo principal consistió en definir las normas comunes de la Televisión digital y de la televisión de alta definición para los Estados Unidos, Canadá y los países asociados del bloque norteamericano. Durante su lanzamiento, contó 7 actores importantes del sector, AT&T Corporation, , , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Philips Consumer Electronics, Thomson Consumer Electronics y Zenith Electronics Corporation. El sistema DTV de la Grand Alliance será la base para el estándar ATSC. Una agrupación similar se fundará en Europa en (es)
- The Grand Alliance (GA) was a consortium created in 1993 at the behest of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to develop the American digital television (SDTV, EDTV) and HDTV specification, with the aim of pooling the best work from different companies. It consisted of AT&T Corporation, General Instrument Corporation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Philips Consumer Electronics, David Sarnoff Research Center, Thomson Consumer Electronics, and Zenith Electronics Corporation. The Grand Alliance DTV system is the basis for the ATSC standard. (en)
- Le forum Grand Alliance (ou Grande Alliance) est un consortium nord américain d'acteurs impliqués dans l'industrie de la télévision créé en 1993 mais son principe remonte à 1987, époque où l'Europe adopte le D2 Mac et la Haute Définition analogique (HD Mac). Son objectif principal consiste à définir les normes communes de la télévision numérique et de la Haute Définition pour les États-Unis, le Canada et les pays associés du bloc nord-américain. Lors de son lancement, il compte 7 acteurs majeurs du secteur, AT&T, David Sarnoff Research Center, General Instrument Corporation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Philips Consumer Electronics, Thomson Consumer Electronics et Zenith Electronics Corporation.Il donnera naissance au ATSC. Un groupement similaire sera lancé en Europe autour du f (fr)
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| - El fòrum Grand Alliance (o Gran Aliança) és un consorci nord-americà d'actors implicats en la indústria de la televisió creada el 1993 però el seu principi es remunta a 1987, època on Europa va adoptar el i l'Alta Definició analògica. El seu objectiu principal va consistir en definir les normes comunes de la Televisió digital i de la televisió d'alta definició per als Estats Units, Canadà i els països associats del bloc nord-americà. Durant el seu desenvolupament i llançament, va comptar 7 actors importants del sector, AT & T Corporation, , , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Philips Consumer Electronics, Thomson Consumer Electronics i Zenith Electronics Corporation.El sistema DTV de la Grand Alliance serà la base per al estàndard ATSC. Una agrupació similar es va fonamentar a Europa al voltant del fòrum DVB. (ca)
- El foro Grand Alliance (o Gran Alianza) es un consorcio estadounidense de actores implicados en la industria de la televisión creada en 1993 pero su principio se remonta a 1987, época donde Europa adopta el D2-Mac y la Alta Definición analógica (HD Mac). Su objetivo principal consistió en definir las normas comunes de la Televisión digital y de la televisión de alta definición para los Estados Unidos, Canadá y los países asociados del bloque norteamericano. Durante su lanzamiento, contó 7 actores importantes del sector, AT&T Corporation, , , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Philips Consumer Electronics, Thomson Consumer Electronics y Zenith Electronics Corporation. El sistema DTV de la Grand Alliance será la base para el estándar ATSC. Una agrupación similar se fundará en Europa en torno al foro DVB. (es)
- The Grand Alliance (GA) was a consortium created in 1993 at the behest of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to develop the American digital television (SDTV, EDTV) and HDTV specification, with the aim of pooling the best work from different companies. It consisted of AT&T Corporation, General Instrument Corporation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Philips Consumer Electronics, David Sarnoff Research Center, Thomson Consumer Electronics, and Zenith Electronics Corporation. The Grand Alliance DTV system is the basis for the ATSC standard. Recognizing that earlier proposed systems demonstrated particular strengths in the FCC's Advisory Committee on Advanced Television Service (ACATS) testing and evaluation process, the Grand Alliance system was proposed to combine theadvantages of all of the previously proposed terrestrial digital HDTV systems. At the time of its inception, the Grand Alliance HDTV system was specified to include:
* Flexible picture formats with a header/Descriptor approach, allowing the inclusion of both 1050 and 787.5 raster formats.
* Progressive scanning and square pixel capabilities in both raster formats.
* Interlaced scanning and rectangular pixel formats.
* Video compression based on MPEG-2, with additional syntax elements that represent contributions from each previously proposed system.
* A packetized, prioritized data format, providing flexibility of services and extensibility. Audio and transmission systems had not been decided at the time of the GA agreement. Five channel audio was specified, but a decision among the Dolby AC-3, multi-channel MUSICAM audio, and MIT "AC" systems had not yet been made. Candidate transmission approaches included QAM, Spectrally-Shaped QAM, 6 VSB (with trellis code) and 4/2 VSB. COFDM had been proposed by third parties, but was rejected as not being mature, and not offering fringe-area coverage equivalent to analog transmission. A thorough analysis of service area, interference characteristics, transmission robustness and system attributes would be performed to determine the "best approach." In the end, 1080, 720 and 480-line resolutions were implemented at various aspect ratios and frame rates, with progressive and interlaced scanning (the so-called "18 formats"), together with 8-VSB modulation and Dolby AC-3 audio. However, the selection of transmission and audio systems was not without controversy. The choice of 8-VSB was later criticised by several groups as being inferior to COFDM under conditions of multipath interference. Improvements in receiver designs would later render this apparently moot. With MUSICAM originally faltering during GA testing, the GA issued a statement finding the MPEG-2 audio system to be "essentially equivalent" to Dolby, but only after the Dolby selection had been made. Later, a story emerged that MIT had entered into an agreement with Dolby whereupon the university would be awarded a large sum if the MUSICAM system was rejected. Following a five-year lawsuit for breach of contract, MIT and its GA representative received a total of $30 million from Dolby, after the litigants reached a last-minute out-of-court settlement. Dolby also offered an incentive for Zenith to switch their vote (which they did), however it is unknown whether they accepted the offer. (en)
- Le forum Grand Alliance (ou Grande Alliance) est un consortium nord américain d'acteurs impliqués dans l'industrie de la télévision créé en 1993 mais son principe remonte à 1987, époque où l'Europe adopte le D2 Mac et la Haute Définition analogique (HD Mac). Son objectif principal consiste à définir les normes communes de la télévision numérique et de la Haute Définition pour les États-Unis, le Canada et les pays associés du bloc nord-américain. Lors de son lancement, il compte 7 acteurs majeurs du secteur, AT&T, David Sarnoff Research Center, General Instrument Corporation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Philips Consumer Electronics, Thomson Consumer Electronics et Zenith Electronics Corporation.Il donnera naissance au ATSC. Un groupement similaire sera lancé en Europe autour du forum DVB. (fr)
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