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The gwageo or kwago were the national civil service examinations under the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties of Korea. Typically quite demanding, these tests measured candidates' ability of writing composition and knowledge of the Chinese classics. The form of writing varied from literature to proposals on management of the state. Technical subjects were also tested to appoint experts on medicine, interpretation, accounting, law etc. These were the primary route for most people to achieve positions in the bureaucracy.

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  • غواغو (ar)
  • Gwageo (es)
  • Gwageo (en)
  • Gwageo (in)
  • Kwagŏ (fr)
  • 朝鮮の科挙 (ja)
  • 과거제 (ko)
  • Gwageo (pt)
  • 朝鮮科舉制度 (zh)
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  • غواغو هي الاختبار الوطني المدني للخدمة في الحكومة، وذلك في عهد غوريو ومملكة جوسون. هذا الاختبار يختبر معرفة الطلاب بالكلاسيكيات الصينية والمواد العملية، وهذا الاختبار هو السبيل للوصول إلى مناصب عليا أو الحصول على النبالة. (ar)
  • Le Kwagŏ ou Gwageo (en coréen : 과거) est un examen de recrutement des fonctionnaires utilisé lors de plusieurs époques de l'histoire de la Corée, et modelé sur les examens impériaux chinois. (fr)
  • Gwageo adalah sistem ujian nasional yang dilaksanakan di Korea pada zaman kuno. Pertama kali dilaksanakan pada masa Dinasti Goryeo (918-1392) dan selanjutnya Dinasti Joseon (1392-1910). Sistem ini pertama kali diperkenalkan pada tahun 958 pada masa Dinasti Goryeo mengikuti sistem yang telah diterapkan di Dinasti Sui dan Dinasti Tang di Cina. Gwageo ditujukan untuk memilih orang-orang berkualitas untuk menduduki posisi penting dalam pemerintahan berdasarkan bakat, kecakapan dan pengetahuan kandidat tanpa memandang garis harta dan kedudukan dari keluarganya. Dengan cara ini pengaruh politik bangsawan mulai dikurangi. (in)
  • 朝鮮の科挙(ちょうせんのかきょ)では、朝鮮における科挙について説明する。 (ja)
  • 과거(科擧) 또는 과제(科第)는 중국과 한국 등에서 시험을 치러서 관리를 뽑는 제도이다. 중국에서는 수나라 때, 한국에서는 고려 때 처음 시작했다. 조선때는 거의 경복궁 근정전에서 치려졌다. (ko)
  • 朝鲜的科举制度是高麗和朝鮮王朝政府選拔官吏的制度。朝鮮科舉始于高丽时代光宗9年(958年),光宗采用了当时随商船来到高丽的五代后周出使高丽的官员双冀的建议,开始实施科举。主要是模仿唐朝的科举制度。然而到朝鲜王朝时期才正式实施。至1894年止,科舉制在韓國歷史上存在了936年,是中国域外实行科举制最长、也最为完备的科举,對韓國人的知識精神有巨大影響。 (zh)
  • The gwageo or kwago were the national civil service examinations under the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties of Korea. Typically quite demanding, these tests measured candidates' ability of writing composition and knowledge of the Chinese classics. The form of writing varied from literature to proposals on management of the state. Technical subjects were also tested to appoint experts on medicine, interpretation, accounting, law etc. These were the primary route for most people to achieve positions in the bureaucracy. (en)
  • El gwageo (o kwago) era el examen para el servicio civil nacional durante las dinastías Goryeo y Joseon de Corea. Por lo general muy exigentes, estos exámenes medían el conocimiento de los candidatos de los clásicos chinos y a veces también sobre ciertos temas técnicos. Estos exámenes eran el vía principal por la que la mayoría de las personas conseguían posiciones en la aristocracia. (es)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gwageo_Siheom_Reenactment_12.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/이복남_만력식년무과방목.jpg
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