HMS Vigilant was the merchantman Grand Duchess of Russia, converted into a warship during the American Revolution. She served as a transport in North American waters from 1775. The Royal Navy (RN) purchased her in 1777, named her HMS Vigilant, and modified her for shore bombardment duties. She was instrumental in the eventual British success during the siege of Fort Mifflin that same year and supported British operations in Georgia and South Carolina in 1779–80. Her heavy armament proved to be more than Vigilant was designed to handle and she was condemned and burnt in 1780.