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In the 1980s, Czechoslovakia had a comprehensive and universal system of social security under which everyone was entitled to free medical care and medicine, in theory at least. National health planning emphasized preventive medicine. Factory and local health care centers, first aid stations, and a variety of medical clinics supplemented hospitals and other inpatient institutions. The ratio of physicians to inhabitants has improved steadily, climbing from 1 per 745 in 1954 to 1 per 278 in 1985, although there were shortages of doctors in rural areas. The shift in the distribution of health resources in the 1960s and 1970s was dramatic; facilities were improved, and the number of health care personnel in Slovakia and rural areas increased in general. Despite the improvements, about 40% of a

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  • Health and social welfare in Communist Czechoslovakia (en)
  • 捷克斯洛伐克社会主义共和国的社会保障和福利制度 (zh)
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  • 20世纪80年代，捷克斯洛伐克有全面且普遍的社会保障体系；理论上，每个人都有权获得和免费药品。总体卫生规划以预防医学为主；工厂和地方保健中心、急救站和各种医疗诊所补充了医院和其他卫生保健机构；医护人员与居民比例稳步增长，从1954年的1比745攀升至1985年的1比278，尽管农村地区依旧存在医疗人员短缺的问题；20世纪60年代和70年代，卫生资源的分配发生转变；医疗设施得到改善，斯洛伐克和农村地区的卫医护人员或保健人员数量增加；尽管如此，但其依旧约有40%的医疗设备为老旧的，设施老旧且供不应求，以及广泛存在的官僚主义和贿赂现象等问题。 (zh)
  • In the 1980s, Czechoslovakia had a comprehensive and universal system of social security under which everyone was entitled to free medical care and medicine, in theory at least. National health planning emphasized preventive medicine. Factory and local health care centers, first aid stations, and a variety of medical clinics supplemented hospitals and other inpatient institutions. The ratio of physicians to inhabitants has improved steadily, climbing from 1 per 745 in 1954 to 1 per 278 in 1985, although there were shortages of doctors in rural areas. The shift in the distribution of health resources in the 1960s and 1970s was dramatic; facilities were improved, and the number of health care personnel in Slovakia and rural areas increased in general. Despite the improvements, about 40% of a (en)
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  • In the 1980s, Czechoslovakia had a comprehensive and universal system of social security under which everyone was entitled to free medical care and medicine, in theory at least. National health planning emphasized preventive medicine. Factory and local health care centers, first aid stations, and a variety of medical clinics supplemented hospitals and other inpatient institutions. The ratio of physicians to inhabitants has improved steadily, climbing from 1 per 745 in 1954 to 1 per 278 in 1985, although there were shortages of doctors in rural areas. The shift in the distribution of health resources in the 1960s and 1970s was dramatic; facilities were improved, and the number of health care personnel in Slovakia and rural areas increased in general. Despite the improvements, about 40% of all the medical equipment was obsolete, facilities were outdated and in short supply, the bureaucracy was excessive, and small bribery was widespread. (en)
  • 20世纪80年代，捷克斯洛伐克有全面且普遍的社会保障体系；理论上，每个人都有权获得和免费药品。总体卫生规划以预防医学为主；工厂和地方保健中心、急救站和各种医疗诊所补充了医院和其他卫生保健机构；医护人员与居民比例稳步增长，从1954年的1比745攀升至1985年的1比278，尽管农村地区依旧存在医疗人员短缺的问题；20世纪60年代和70年代，卫生资源的分配发生转变；医疗设施得到改善，斯洛伐克和农村地区的卫医护人员或保健人员数量增加；尽管如此，但其依旧约有40%的医疗设备为老旧的，设施老旧且供不应求，以及广泛存在的官僚主义和贿赂现象等问题。 (zh)
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