In fluid thermodynamics, a heat transfer fluid is a gas or liquid that takes part in heat transfer by serving as an intermediary in cooling on one side of a process, transporting and storing thermal energy, and heating on another side of a process. Heat transfer fluids are used in countless applications and industrial processes requiring heating or cooling, typically in a closed circuit and in continuous cycles. Cooling water, for instance, cools an engine, while heating water in a hydronic heating system heats the radiator in a room.
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| - Fluide caloporteur (fr)
- Heat-transfer fluid (en)
- Fluido termovettore (it)
- Теплоноситель (ru)
- 有机热载体 (zh)
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| - Un fluido termovettore è una sostanza allo stato liquido oppure gassoso che accumula e trasporta il calore. Ad esempio in un tipico impianto di riscaldamento a termosifoni il fluido termovettore è l'acqua calda che circola nell'impianto che, riscaldata dalla caldaia e spinta da una pompa di ricircolo, accumula e trasporta il calore ai termosifoni che riscaldandosi a loro volta trasferiscono il calore all'ambiente. (it)
- Теплоноситель — жидкое или газообразное вещество, применяемое для передачи тепловой энергии. На практике чаще всего применяют воду (в виде газа или жидкости), глицерин, пропиленгликоль, бишофит, нефтяные масла, расплавы металлов (Sn, Pb, Na, К), воздух, азот (в том числе жидкий), фреоны (в случае использования фазовых переходов обычно называют хладагентами) и др. Английский термин coolant в большей степени относится к использованию теплоносителя в качестве охлаждающего агента. (ru)
- 通过传热媒介来间接传递热量的加热/冷却方法具有传热均匀，调控温度精确的特点。所用的传热介质称为热载体。工业热载体可分为有机热载体和无机热载体两大类。“有机热载体”是国标（GB 23971-2009）提出的正式名称，俗称“导热油”。传统的热载体是水以及蒸汽。然而若水在超过其沸点的情况下用作热载体，则要求设备和系统承受压力。在150~350摄氏度的工业生产中，有机热载体由于其高沸点而成为了水蒸气的替代品，可以大量减少设备投资。 (zh)
- In fluid thermodynamics, a heat transfer fluid is a gas or liquid that takes part in heat transfer by serving as an intermediary in cooling on one side of a process, transporting and storing thermal energy, and heating on another side of a process. Heat transfer fluids are used in countless applications and industrial processes requiring heating or cooling, typically in a closed circuit and in continuous cycles. Cooling water, for instance, cools an engine, while heating water in a hydronic heating system heats the radiator in a room. (en)
- Un fluide caloporteur (lit. porte-chaleur) est un fluide chargé de transporter la chaleur entre plusieurs sources de température. Le terme « caloporteur » est synonyme de « caloriporteur ». Ces fluides interviennent dans les échangeurs de chaleur, par exemple les systèmes de refroidissement des moteurs thermiques (tel un moteur de voiture), les réfrigérateurs, les chaudières, les climatiseurs, les capteurs solaires thermiques, les radiateurs des circuits électriques (cas des transformateurs électriques de forte puissance) ou électroniques, les centrales électriques thermiques au charbon, au fioul, au gaz ou nucléaires, les échangeurs de chaleur d'eaux usées. (fr)
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| - In fluid thermodynamics, a heat transfer fluid is a gas or liquid that takes part in heat transfer by serving as an intermediary in cooling on one side of a process, transporting and storing thermal energy, and heating on another side of a process. Heat transfer fluids are used in countless applications and industrial processes requiring heating or cooling, typically in a closed circuit and in continuous cycles. Cooling water, for instance, cools an engine, while heating water in a hydronic heating system heats the radiator in a room. Water is the most common heat transfer fluid because of its economy, high heat capacity and favorable transport properties. However, the useful temperature range is restricted by freezing below 0 °C and boiling at elevated temperatures depending on the system pressure. Antifreeze additives can alleviate the freezing problem to some extent. However, many other heat transfer fluids have been developed and used in a huge variety of applications. For higher temperatures, oil or synthetic hydrocarbon- or silicone-based fluids offer lower vapor pressure. Molten salts and molten metals can be used for transferring and storing heat at temperatures above 300 to 400 °C where organic fluids start to decompose. Gases such as water vapor, nitrogen, argon, helium and hydrogen have been used as heat transfer fluids where liquids are not suitable. For gases the pressure typically needs to be elevated to facilitate higher flow rates with low pumping power. In order to prevent overheating, fluid flows inside a system or a device so as to transfer the heat outside that particular device or system. They generally have a high boiling point and a high heat capacity. High boiling point prevents the heat transfer liquids from vaporising at high temperatures. High heat capacity enables a small amount of the refrigerant to transfer a large amount of heat very efficiently. It must be ensured that the heat transfer liquids used should not lave low boiling point. This is because low boiling point will result in vaporisation of the liquid at low temperatures when they are used to exchange heat with hot substances. This will produce vapors of the liquid in the machine itself where they are used. Also, the heat transfer fluids should have high heat capacity. The heat capacity denotes the amount of heat the fluid can hold without changing its temperature. In case of liquids, it also shows the amount of heat the liquid can hold before its temperature reaches its boiling point and ultimately vaporises. If the fluid has low heat capacity, then it will mean that a large amount of the fluid will be required to exchange a relatively small amount of heat. This will increase the cost of using heat transfer fluids and will reduce the efficiency of the process. In case of liquid heat transfer fluids, usage of their small quantity will result in their vaporisation which can be dangerous for the equipment where they are used. The equipment will be designed for liquids but their vaporisation will include vapors in the flow channel. Also gases occupy larger volume than liquids at the same pressure. The production of vapors will increase the pressure on the walls of the pipe/channel where it will be flowing. This may cause the flow channel to rupture. (en)
- Un fluide caloporteur (lit. porte-chaleur) est un fluide chargé de transporter la chaleur entre plusieurs sources de température. Le terme « caloporteur » est synonyme de « caloriporteur ». Ces fluides interviennent dans les échangeurs de chaleur, par exemple les systèmes de refroidissement des moteurs thermiques (tel un moteur de voiture), les réfrigérateurs, les chaudières, les climatiseurs, les capteurs solaires thermiques, les radiateurs des circuits électriques (cas des transformateurs électriques de forte puissance) ou électroniques, les centrales électriques thermiques au charbon, au fioul, au gaz ou nucléaires, les échangeurs de chaleur d'eaux usées. Chaque fluide caloporteur est choisi en fonction de ses propriétés physico-chimiques, telles la viscosité, la capacité thermique volumique, la chaleur latente de vaporisation (ou de liquéfaction) en cas de changement de phase, la conductivité thermique, ses propriétés anticorrosives, sa tenue aux conditions climatiques ou aux rayonnements neutroniques. Son coût et son innocuité pour l'environnement sont également pris en compte. (fr)
- Un fluido termovettore è una sostanza allo stato liquido oppure gassoso che accumula e trasporta il calore. Ad esempio in un tipico impianto di riscaldamento a termosifoni il fluido termovettore è l'acqua calda che circola nell'impianto che, riscaldata dalla caldaia e spinta da una pompa di ricircolo, accumula e trasporta il calore ai termosifoni che riscaldandosi a loro volta trasferiscono il calore all'ambiente. (it)
- Теплоноситель — жидкое или газообразное вещество, применяемое для передачи тепловой энергии. На практике чаще всего применяют воду (в виде газа или жидкости), глицерин, пропиленгликоль, бишофит, нефтяные масла, расплавы металлов (Sn, Pb, Na, К), воздух, азот (в том числе жидкий), фреоны (в случае использования фазовых переходов обычно называют хладагентами) и др. Английский термин coolant в большей степени относится к использованию теплоносителя в качестве охлаждающего агента. (ru)
- 通过传热媒介来间接传递热量的加热/冷却方法具有传热均匀，调控温度精确的特点。所用的传热介质称为热载体。工业热载体可分为有机热载体和无机热载体两大类。“有机热载体”是国标（GB 23971-2009）提出的正式名称，俗称“导热油”。传统的热载体是水以及蒸汽。然而若水在超过其沸点的情况下用作热载体，则要求设备和系统承受压力。在150~350摄氏度的工业生产中，有机热载体由于其高沸点而成为了水蒸气的替代品，可以大量减少设备投资。 (zh)
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