Henry D. Todd (August 25, 1838 - March 8, 1907) was a career officer in the United States Navy. A Union Navy veteran of the American Civil War and a longtime professor at the United States Naval Academy, he attained the relative rank of rear admiral. In addition to serving as head of the Naval Academy's physics and chemistry department, for many years he oversaw publication of the Navy's annual American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac, first as assistant director and later as director.