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The history of deaf education in the United States began in the early 1800s when the Cobbs School of Virginia, an oral school, was established by William Bolling and John Braidwood, and the Connecticut Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, a manual school, was established by Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc. When the Cobbs School closed in 1816, the manual method, which used American Sign Language, became commonplace in deaf schools for most of the remainder of the century. In the late 1800s, schools began to use the oral method, which only allowed the use of speech, as opposed to the manual method previously in place. Students caught using sign language in oral programs were often punished. The oral method was used for many years until sign language instruction gradually began to come b

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  • تاريخ تعليم الصم في الولايات المتحدة (ar)
  • Histoire de l'éducation des sourds aux États-Unis (fr)
  • History of deaf education in the United States (en)
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  • بدأ تاريخ تعليم الصم في الولايات المتحدة في أوائل القرن التاسع عشر عندما أُنشئت مدرستان، الأولى مدرسة كوبز في فرجينيا، وهي مدرسة شفوية أنشأها ويليام بولينج وجون برايدوود، والثانية ، وهي مدرسة يدوية أنشأها ولوران كليرك. عندما أغلقت مدرسة كوبز في عام 1816، أصبحت الطريقة اليدوية، والتي تستخدم لغة الإشارة الأمريكية، شائعةً في مدارس الصم لمعظم الفترة المتبقية من القرن. في أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، بدأت المدارس في استخدام الطريقة الشفوية، والتي سمحت فقط باستخدام الكلام، بدلاً من الطريقة اليدوية الموجودة سابقًا. غالبًا ما كان يُعاقب الطلاب الذين يُكتشف أنهم يستخدمون لغة الإشارة في البرامج الشفوية. اُستخدمت الطريقة الشفوية لسنوات عديدة حتى بدأ تعليم لغة الإشارة تدريجياً في العودة إلى تعليم الصم. (ar)
  • The history of deaf education in the United States began in the early 1800s when the Cobbs School of Virginia, an oral school, was established by William Bolling and John Braidwood, and the Connecticut Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, a manual school, was established by Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc. When the Cobbs School closed in 1816, the manual method, which used American Sign Language, became commonplace in deaf schools for most of the remainder of the century. In the late 1800s, schools began to use the oral method, which only allowed the use of speech, as opposed to the manual method previously in place. Students caught using sign language in oral programs were often punished. The oral method was used for many years until sign language instruction gradually began to come b (en)
  • L'Histoire de l'éducation des sourds aux États-Unis commence au début des années 1800, lorsqu'une école d'oralisme Cobbs School a été créé par William Bolling et John Braidwood, puis en 1817, l'école The Connecticut Asylum for the Education and Instruction of Deaf and Dumb Persons, une école "signante", a été créé par Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet et Laurent Clerc. Lorsque Cobbs School est fermé en 1816, la méthode signante, qui s'appelle ici la langue des signes américaine, est devenue courante dans les écoles de sourds pour la plupart de la fin du siècle. Dans les années 1860, les écoles ont commencé à utiliser la méthode orale en remplaçant la méthode signante. Les étudiants qui ont communiqué par la langue des signes dans les programmes orales ont été souvent punis. La méthode orale a été u (fr)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thomas_and_Alice,_Gallaudet_University.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Interp.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Clarkeschool4-crop.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Indiana_School_for_the_Deaf_main_bulding.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alexander_Graham_Bell_and_his_Scott_Circle_School.jpg
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