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| - Jews have inhabited the city of Galveston, Texas, for almost two centuries. The first known Jewish immigrant to the Galveston area was Jao de la Porta, who, along with his brother Morin, financed the first settlement by Europeans on Galveston Island in 1816. de la Porta was born in Portugal of Jewish parentage and later became a Jewish Texan trader. In 1818, Jean Laffite appointed de la Porta supercargo for the Karankawa Indian trade. When Laffite left Galveston Island in 1820, de la Porta became a full-time trader. (en)
- Os judeus habitam a cidade de Galveston, Texas, há quase dois séculos. O primeiro imigrante judeu conhecido na área de Galveston foi Jao de la Porta, que, juntamente com seu irmão Morin, financiou o primeiro assentamento pelos europeus na Ilha Galveston em 1816. de la Porta nasceu em Portugal de ascendência judaica e mais tarde tornou-se um comerciante. Congregação B'nai Israel foi inaugurada em 1868. A congregação foi a primeira congregação reforma judaica fretada no Texas, e apenas a segunda congregação judaica fundada no estado. (pt)
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| - Jews have inhabited the city of Galveston, Texas, for almost two centuries. The first known Jewish immigrant to the Galveston area was Jao de la Porta, who, along with his brother Morin, financed the first settlement by Europeans on Galveston Island in 1816. de la Porta was born in Portugal of Jewish parentage and later became a Jewish Texan trader. In 1818, Jean Laffite appointed de la Porta supercargo for the Karankawa Indian trade. When Laffite left Galveston Island in 1820, de la Porta became a full-time trader. In 1852, residents of Galveston established the first Jewish cemetery in Texas, with the first organized Jewish services being held in 1856. During the American Civil War, although most residents had fled the city of Galveston, Rosanna Osterman remained. In 1862 she opened her home as a hospital, treating first Union soldiers and then extending her care to Confederate soldiers. Congregation B'nai Israel opened in 1868. The congregation was the first Jewish Reform congregation chartered in Texas, and only the second Jewish congregation founded in the state. On June 20, 1875, the congregation voted to become one of the charter members of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations.One of the pioneers of Reform Judaism in the United States, Abraham Cohen Labatt, moved to Galveston in 1878 and joined the congregation. He was an active member until his death in 1899. On February 15, 1931, two orthodox synagogues, The Hebrew Orthodox Benevolent Association and The Young Men's Hebrew Association, merged to become Congregation Beth Jacob. Under the leadership of Rabbi , the members raised funds to build a new synagogue on the site of the old Hebrew Orthodox Benevolent Association. In the 1970s the congregation joined the Conservative Movement in an attempt to attract more members. Today the congregation is small, but still active in the Galveston Community. One of B'nai Israel's rabbis, Henry Cohen, helped found the Galveston Movement in the early part of the twentieth century. Between 1907 and 1914, the Movement endeavored to divert Jews fleeing Russia and eastern Europe away from crowded East Coast cities. Ten thousand Jewish immigrants passed through Galveston, Texas during this era, approximately one-third the number who migrated to Palestine during the same period. Galveston was chosen as an initial American port of call partly because it was already a destination for German shipping company Norddeutscher Lloyd, which operated out of Bremen, and because it provided and access to the growing economic opportunities of the American West. Two percent of the total Jewish immigration to the United States occurred via Galveston in 1911, representing 14,000 people. Within several years, however, local merchants began fearing the increased competition, and others were frustrated that Polish Jews would not work on Saturday. Several communities declined to accept more Jewish immigrants. Cohen exerted influence on other areas of the community as well. He was instrumental in banishing Shakespeare’s Shylock from the Galveston public schools. The community recognized his actions on their behalf, when in 1928 Congregation B'nai Israel commissioned a new facility, which they named the Henry Cohen Community House. The Jewish community in Galveston welcomed their first native Texas rabbi when Jimmy Kessler assumed leadership of Congregation B'nai Israel. Kessler later founded the Texas Jewish Historical Society. (en)
- Os judeus habitam a cidade de Galveston, Texas, há quase dois séculos. O primeiro imigrante judeu conhecido na área de Galveston foi Jao de la Porta, que, juntamente com seu irmão Morin, financiou o primeiro assentamento pelos europeus na Ilha Galveston em 1816. de la Porta nasceu em Portugal de ascendência judaica e mais tarde tornou-se um comerciante. Em 1852, os moradores de Galveston estabeleceram o primeiro cemitério judeu no Texas, com os primeiros serviços judaicos organizados sendo realizados em 1856. Durante a Guerra Civil Americana, embora a maioria dos residentes tivesse fugido da cidade de Galveston, Rosanna Osterman permaneceu. Em 1862, ela abriu sua casa como um hospital, tratando primeiro soldados da União e, em seguida, estendendo seus cuidados aos soldados confederados. Congregação B'nai Israel foi inaugurada em 1868. A congregação foi a primeira congregação reforma judaica fretada no Texas, e apenas a segunda congregação judaica fundada no estado. Em 15 de fevereiro de 1931, duas sinagogas ortodoxas, a Associação Beneficente Ortodoxa Hebraica e a Associação Hebraica dos Jovens, fundiram-se para se tornar congregação Beth Jacob. Sob a liderança do rabino Louis Feigon z'l, os membros levantaram fundos para construir uma nova sinagoga no local da antiga Associação Beneficente Ortodoxa Hebraica. Na década de 1970, a congregação se juntou ao Movimento Conservador na tentativa de atrair mais membros. Hoje a congregação é pequena, mas ainda ativa na Comunidade Galveston. Um dos rabinos da B'nai Israel, Henry Cohen, ajudou a fundar o Movimento Galveston no início do século XX. Entre 1907 e 1914, o Movimento se esforçou para desviar os judeus que fugiam da Rússia e do leste da Europa para longe de cidades lotadas da Costa Leste. Dez mil imigrantes judeus passaram por Galveston, Texas durante esta época, aproximadamente um terço do número que migrou para a Palestina durante o mesmo período. Dois por cento da imigração judaica total para os Estados Unidos ocorreu via Galveston em 1911, representando 14.000 pessoas. Em vários anos, no entanto, os comerciantes locais começaram a temer o aumento da concorrência, e outros ficaram frustrados por os judeus poloneses não trabalharem no sábado. Várias comunidades se recusaram a aceitar mais imigrantes judeus. (pt)
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