About: History of the Soviet Union (1982

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The history of the USSR from 1982 through 1991 spans the period from the Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev's death until the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Due to the years of Soviet military buildup at the expense of domestic development, and complex systemic problems in the command economy, Soviet output stagnated. Failed attempts at reform, a standstill economy, and the success of the proxies of the United States against the Soviet Union's forces in the war in Afghanistan led to a general feeling of discontent, especially in the Soviet-occupied Baltic countries and Eastern Europe.

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rdf:type	Thing
rdfs:label	تاريخ الاتحاد السوفياتي (1982-1991) (ar) Història de la Unió Soviètica (1985-1991) (ca) Dějiny Sovětského svazu 1982–1991 (cs) Historia de la Unión Soviética (1985-1991) (es) History of the Soviet Union (1982–1991) (en) Storia dell'Unione Sovietica (1985-1991) (it) 소련의 역사 (1985년 ~ 1991년) (ko) Era Gorbachev (1985-1991) (pt) Sovjetunionens historia 1985–1991 (sv)
rdfs:comment	Sovjetunionens historia 1985–1991 är perioden med Michael Gorbatjov som landets ledare. Han kom också att bli Sovjetunionens sista statschef. Perioden inleddes under det kalla kriget, utvecklades via glasnost och perestrojka, påverkades av Berlinmurens fall och tog en ände efter den sovjetiska misslyckade statskuppen 1991. Därefter bröt de 15 sovjetrepublikerna sig ur den sammanfallande unionen och utropade sig till självständiga stater. (sv) يمتد تاريخ الاتحاد السوفياتي منذ عام 1982 إلى عام 1991، منذ وفاة ليونيد بريجنيف وجنازته حتى انهيار الاتحاد السوفيتي. بسبب سنوات من التعزيز العسكري السوفياتي على حساب التنمية المحلية، ركد النمو الاقتصادي. أدت المحاولات الفاشلة للإصلاح، والاقتصاد الراكد، ونجاح الولايات المتحدة ضد قوات الاتحاد السوفيتي في الحرب في أفغانستان إلى شعور عام بالاستياء، وخاصة في جمهوريات البلطيق وأوروبا الشرقية. خلف رئيس مجلس الوزراء نيكولاي تيخونوف، نيكولاي ريزكوف، وخلف القائم بأعمال رئيس مجلس رئاسة مجلس السوفيات الأعلى فاسيلي كوزنتسوف، وزير الخارجية السابق أندريه جروميكو. (ar) La història de la Unió Soviètica des de 1985 fins a 1991 és la història de la seva desaparició com a estat. El col·lapse de la Unió Soviètica, que la portà a dissoldre's en una munió d'estats, començà a inicis de 1985. Després de dècades de desenvolupament militar soviètic, assolit en detriment del desenvolupament de l'economia domèstica, el creixement econòmic es trobava en un punt mort. Els fracassats intents reformistes, una economia estancada i la guerra de l'Afganistan havien portat al país cap a un sentiment general de descontentament, especialment a les Repúbliques Bàltiques i a l'Europa de l'Est. Les reformes polítiques i socials més profundes, portades a terme pel darrer líder de la Unió Soviètica, Mikhaïl Gorbatxov, anomenades perestroika i glasnost, crearen una atmosfera de crít (ca) Dějiny Sovětského svazu od roku 1982 do 1991 zahrnují období od Brežnevovy smrti a pohřbu po rozpad Sovětského svazu. Vzhledem k letům budování sovětských ozbrojených sil na úkor domácí rozvoje hospodářský růst stagnoval. Neúspěšné pokusy o reformu, nehybná ekonomika a úspěch Spojených států proti silám Sovětského svazu ve válce v Afghánistánu vedly k celkové nespokojenosti, zejména v pobaltí a východní Evropě. Předsedu Rady ministrů Nikolaje Tichonov vystřídal a úřadujícího předsedu prezidia Nejvyššího sovětu Vasilije Kuzněcova vystřídal bývalý ministr zahraničních věcí Andrej Gromyko. (cs) The history of the USSR from 1982 through 1991 spans the period from the Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev's death until the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Due to the years of Soviet military buildup at the expense of domestic development, and complex systemic problems in the command economy, Soviet output stagnated. Failed attempts at reform, a standstill economy, and the success of the proxies of the United States against the Soviet Union's forces in the war in Afghanistan led to a general feeling of discontent, especially in the Soviet-occupied Baltic countries and Eastern Europe. (en) La historia de la URSS desde 1985 hasta 1991 es la de su progresiva desaparición como Estado. El colapso de la Unión Soviética, que le llevó a desmembrarse en una multitud de Estados, comenzó a principios de 1985 y finalizó con la desaparición de la propia Unión. (es) 소비에트 연방은 미하일 고르바초프가 집권하고 난 뒤 대대적인 변화를 맞게 되었다. 우선 정부에 대한 비판을 허가하였으며, 페레스트로이카를 표방, 미국과의 지속적인 대화를 통해 해빙 조짐을 서서히 보이기 시작하게 되었다. 이 와중에서 고르바초프는 미국의 레이건 대통령과 만나 핵무기를 대폭 감축하는 데 합의하게 된다. 그리고 소련은 반세기 동안 적국이었던 대한민국과 1990년에 수교했다. 한편, 침체된 자국의 경제를 중흥시키기 위해 소련은 공산주의 종주국으로서의 자리를 포기한다고 선언했고 이는 중앙유럽 공산 국가들의 급속한 붕괴를 불러왔다.그러나 이러한 고르바초프의 행동에 대해 두려움을 느꼈던 소련의 공산당(볼셰비키)과 국가보안위원회(KGB) 그리고 군과 군산복합체는 쿠데타를 일으켜 고르바초프를 권좌에서 몰아내려고 하였으나, 소련 국민들의 거센 반대에 부딪히면서 실패하였다. 쿠데타 저지 후, 옐친과 고르바초프는 소련의 미래에 대한 의견을 주고받았다. 옐친은 소련을 해체시키고, 새로운 독립국가들끼리의 연합을 구성하자고 제안하였으나, 고르바초프는 중앙정부의 힘을 최소화하는 것을 전제로 하여 소련을 존속시키자는 의견으로 맞섰다. (ko) Anche se entrarono in stallo nel periodo 1964-1982, il cambio generazionale diede una nuova spinta alle riforme. Il cambio nelle relazioni con gli Stati Uniti può anch'esso aver dato un impulso in questo senso. Durante gli anni della presidenza di Ronald Reagan, l'abbandono della "distensione" costrinse i sovietici a incrementare di molto le loro capacità produttive, allo scopo di controbattere al nuovo accumularsi di armamenti, specialmente per quanto riguarda il progetto statunitense di difesa missilistica, detto scudo spaziale. A quell'epoca Michail Gorbačëv avrebbe introdotto il processo che avrebbe portato al collasso dell'Unione Sovietica e al conseguente smantellamento dell'economia di comando sovietica, attraverso i suoi programmi politici di Glasnost' (chiarezza di informazione) e (it) A História da União Soviética de 1985 até 1991 é a história de seu desaparecimento como Estado. A dissolução da União Soviética, que a levou a quebrar-se em 15 Estados independentes, começou no início de 1985. Após décadas de desenvolvimento militar soviético conseguido à custa do desenvolvimento económico nacional, o crescimento econômico estava em um impasse. Tentativas fracassadas de reforma, uma economia estagnada e a guerra no Afeganistão levaram a um sentimento geral de descontentamento, principalmente nas repúblicas do Báltico e na Europa Oriental. As reformas políticas e sociais mais profundas, realizada pelo último líder soviético, Mikhail Gorbatchev, denominadas perestroika e glasnost, criaram uma atmosfera de crítica aberta do regime soviético. A queda drástica dos preços do pet (pt)
rdfs:seeAlso	Bibliography of the Post Stalinist Soviet Union
name	The final years (en)
foaf:depiction
dcterms:subject	Eastern Bloc History of the Soviet Union by period Modern history of Russia 1990s in the Soviet Union Dissolution of the Soviet Union 1980s in the Soviet Union
Wikipage page ID	7577 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1122988649 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	Cambodian–Vietnamese War Predictions of the dissolution of the Soviet Union Premier of the Soviet Union President of the Soviet Union Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Romania Romanian Revolution Ronald Reagan Mujahideen New Economic Policy Eastern Bloc Belovezh Accords Bibliography of the Post Stalinist Soviet Union Boris Yeltsin David Remnick Declaration of Independence of Ukraine Democratic Republic of Afghanistan History of the Soviet Union (1964–1982) Hungarian People's Republic Joseph Stalin History of the Soviet Union by period Modern history of Russia List of leaders of the Soviet Union Paul Nitze People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan People's Liberation Army People's Republic of Angola People's Republic of Bulgaria Pershing II Republics of the Soviet Union Revolutions of 1989 Unintended consequences United States Vasili Kuznetsov (politician) Velvet Revolution Vladimir Bukovsky Vladimir Lenin Détente Perestroika List of heads of state of the Soviet Union Reagan Doctrine 1980 Summer Olympics 1989 Polish legislative election 1989 Soviet Union legislative election 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt Communist state Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union Russian Public Opinion Research Center Russian ruble Geneva Accords (1988) 1990s in the Soviet Union Dissolution of the Soviet Union Cold War General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Gennady Zyuganov Glasnost Government of the Soviet Union Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union) Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact Nagorno-Karabakh Containment Convertibility 1965 Soviet economic reform 1980 Summer Olympics boycott 1980s oil glut 1984 Summer Olympics 1980s in the Soviet Union Andrei Gromyko

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