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Field theory had its origins in the 18th century in a mathematical formulation of Newtonian mechanics, but it was seen as deficient as it implied action at a distance. In 1852, Michael Faraday treated the magnetic field as a physical object, reasoning about lines of force. James Clerk Maxwell used Faraday's conceptualisation to help formulate his unification of electricity and magnetism in his electromagnetic theory. In quantum field theory, fields become the fundamental objects of study, and particles are excitations of these fields.

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  • Histoire philosophique de la théorie des champs (fr)
  • History of the philosophy of field theory (en)
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  • Field theory had its origins in the 18th century in a mathematical formulation of Newtonian mechanics, but it was seen as deficient as it implied action at a distance. In 1852, Michael Faraday treated the magnetic field as a physical object, reasoning about lines of force. James Clerk Maxwell used Faraday's conceptualisation to help formulate his unification of electricity and magnetism in his electromagnetic theory. In quantum field theory, fields become the fundamental objects of study, and particles are excitations of these fields. (en)
  • La théorie des champs trouve son origine au XVIIIe siècle dans une formulation mathématique de la mécanique de Newton, mais elle était considérée comme déficiente car elle impliquait une action à distance. En 1852, Michael Faraday avait traité le champ magnétique comme un objet physique, raisonnant en termes de lignes de force. James Clerk Maxwell, en s'appuyant sur la conceptualisation de Faraday, était ensuite parvenu à formuler son unification de l'électricité et du magnétisme dans sa théorie de l'électromagnétisme. (fr)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Newtonian_gravity_field_(physics).svg
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  • Field theory had its origins in the 18th century in a mathematical formulation of Newtonian mechanics, but it was seen as deficient as it implied action at a distance. In 1852, Michael Faraday treated the magnetic field as a physical object, reasoning about lines of force. James Clerk Maxwell used Faraday's conceptualisation to help formulate his unification of electricity and magnetism in his electromagnetic theory. With Albert Einstein's special relativity and the Michelson–Morley experiment, it became clear that electromagnetic waves did not travel as vibrations in a physical aether; and there was in Einstein's physics no difference between the effects of a field and action at a distance. In quantum field theory, fields become the fundamental objects of study, and particles are excitations of these fields. (en)
  • La théorie des champs trouve son origine au XVIIIe siècle dans une formulation mathématique de la mécanique de Newton, mais elle était considérée comme déficiente car elle impliquait une action à distance. En 1852, Michael Faraday avait traité le champ magnétique comme un objet physique, raisonnant en termes de lignes de force. James Clerk Maxwell, en s'appuyant sur la conceptualisation de Faraday, était ensuite parvenu à formuler son unification de l'électricité et du magnétisme dans sa théorie de l'électromagnétisme. À la suite de l'expérience de Michelson et Morley et de l'élaboration de la relativité restreinte par Albert Einstein, il était devenu clair que les ondes électromagnétiques ne se déplaçaient pas sous la forme d'une vibration dans un éther physique. De plus, il n'y avait aucune différence entre les effets d'un champ et l'action à distance dans la physique d'Einstein. Avec la théorie quantique des champs, les champs sont devenus les objets fondamentaux de l'étude des interactions ; les particules sont des excitations de ces champs. (fr)
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