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Homosexuality has been documented in China since ancient times. According to one study by Bret Hinsch, for some time after the fall of the Han Dynasty, homosexuality was widely accepted in China but this has been disputed. Several early Chinese emperors are speculated to have had homosexual relationships accompanied by heterosexual ones. Opposition to homosexuality, according to the study by Hinsch, did not become firmly established in China until the 19th and 20th centuries through the Westernization efforts of the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. On the other hand, Gulik's study argued that the Mongol Yuan dynasty introduced a more ascetic attitude to sexuality in general.

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  • Homosexualität in China (de)
  • Homoseksualitas di Tiongkok (in)
  • Homosexuality in China (en)
  • Storia dell'omosessualità in Cina (it)
  • Homosexualité en Chine (fr)
  • Sytuacja prawna i społeczna osób LGBT w Chinach (pl)
  • Homossexualidade na China (pt)
  • 中國同性戀史 (zh)
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  • La situation de l’homosexualité dans la culture chinoise est relativement ambiguë dans le contexte actuel, mais plusieurs éléments ont subsisté à travers l'histoire de la Chine. (fr)
  • La situazione dell'omosessualità in Cina risulta generalmente abbastanza ambigua, sebbene — come precisato in prosieguo — si siano registrati molti casi di omosessualità nella storia delle dinastie. In questa voce, con il termine “Cina”, ci si riferirà all'intera regione cinese, includendo la popolazione di Repubblica Popolare Cinese, Hong Kong, Macao e Taiwan. (it)
  • Sytuacja prawna i społeczna osób LGBT w Chińskiej Republice Ludowej.Przed 1840 r. i nasileniem się wpływu kulturowego Zachodu (i medykalizacji seksualności), homoseksualizm w Chinach miał być uważany za normalny element życia (teza ta jest kontrowersyjna). (pl)
  • A situação da homossexualidade na China é relativamente ambígua em um contexto atual, embora haja muitos exemplos de tal prática em muitas dinastias ao largo da história. (pt)
  • Im alten China war gleichgeschlechtliche Liebe weit verbreitet – zumindest wenn man literarischen Überlieferungen Glauben schenken kann – und hatte keinen negativen Stellenwert an und für sich. Kritisiert wurde sie jedoch beispielsweise bei dem Legalisten Han Fei, wenn damit persönliche Begünstigungen verbunden waren. Ob es die sogenannte Öffnung zum Westen im 18. Jahrhundert war, die zur Übernahme homophober Ideologien und Gesetze führte, wie es von einigen Aktivisten in Hongkong behauptet wird, oder innerchinesische Veränderungen des 19. Jahrhunderts, die die selbstgewählte monogame heterosexuelle Beziehung als einzig gültige Beziehungsform darstellten, ist bis heute umstritten. Heute stellt sich die Situation von Lesben und Schwulen in der Volksrepublik China, aber auch in Hongkong, Mac (de)
  • Homosexuality has been documented in China since ancient times. According to one study by Bret Hinsch, for some time after the fall of the Han Dynasty, homosexuality was widely accepted in China but this has been disputed. Several early Chinese emperors are speculated to have had homosexual relationships accompanied by heterosexual ones. Opposition to homosexuality, according to the study by Hinsch, did not become firmly established in China until the 19th and 20th centuries through the Westernization efforts of the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. On the other hand, Gulik's study argued that the Mongol Yuan dynasty introduced a more ascetic attitude to sexuality in general. (en)
  • Keberadaan homoseksualitas di Tiongkok telah sejak zaman kuno. Menurut satu studi, homoseksualitas di Tiongkok telah dianggap normal di Tiongkok, sebelum pengaruh Barat pada 1840. Namun, hal tersebut diperdebatkan. Beberapa kaisar awal Tiongkok diperkirakan telah memiliki hubungan homoseksual, bersamaan dengan hubungan heteroseksual. Bertentangan dengan homoseksualitas, menurut studi yang dilakukan oleh Hinsch, hal tersebut tidak pernah ada di Tiongkok sampai abad ke-19 dan ke-20, ketika terjadinya pengaruh Westernisasi pada akhir Dinasti Qing dan awal Republik Tiongkok. Di lain pihak, studi berpengaruh Gulik berpendapat bahwa dinasti Yuan Mongol mengenalkan attitude yang lebih astetik dari seksualitas pada umumnya. (in)
  • 中國同性戀史以男子間的情慾而言,自中國很早以來就有所紀錄,稱之為男色或男風。古代中國的史書即傳有「美男破老、美女破舌」的說法,將美男與女色相提並論,用以勸諫君王離美色遠讒言。在春秋戰國時期,弥子瑕與衛君分桃而食、龍陽君向魏王泣魚固寵,及至兩漢時期漢哀帝不忍驚醒董賢断袖而起,這些事蹟不但是當時士人藉以著書立說的事例,亦成為後世常用於詩詞文章的男風典故。 明朝法律嚴禁官員狎妓,清朝狎妓更是严禁的,但狎男优可以通融,官吏可以招伶人陪酒唱曲。著名中國古典小說《紅樓夢》、《金瓶梅》對於當時好男風的現象同樣有所描寫,此外還出版專門敘述男男歡好性事的中篇小說集《》、《》、《》,文雅讚美男風情誼的小說《品花宝鉴》。馮夢龍《情史·情外類》選錄了歷代的同性愛情故事,記載的人物上自帝王將相,下至歌伶市民。相較於男風,中國歷史上關於女性間親密情誼的記載較為隱密少見。大抵而言,古代中國社會,對於同性之間的性行為或同性愛,沒有像中古世紀和近代西方社會那樣廣泛而嚴厲的懲罰,對於同性情慾有讚賞之詞,也有非議的言論。 1991年,中華民國政府終止動員戡亂廢止「違警罰法」,警察權力逐步限縮。1997年,中華人民共和國政府廢除了流氓罪,政府的管制才逐步放鬆。2001年,同性戀從中華人民共和國精神醫生組織中華医学会精神病學分會診斷手冊名單中刪除。 2018年,中華民國全國性公民投票同性戀議題。 (zh)
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