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Jessie Marie Jacobs Muller Offermann (1890–1954) was an American mathematician who also made contributions to the field of genetics. Jessie M. Jacobs completed her undergraduate degree at McPherson College. After a year spent teaching high school she was awarded one of the first two fellowships to study graduate-level mathematics at the University of Kansas, where she earned her master's degree in 1916. She earned her Ph.D in mathematics from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1919 under the supervision of Arthur Byron Coble. She became an associate professor at Rockford College and then, in 1920, an instructor at the University of Texas at Austin, where she also edited the Texas Mathematics Teachers' Bulletin. Her tenure at the university, along with that of colleague , is

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  • Jessie Marie Jacobs (en)
  • Jessie Marie Jacobs (pt)
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  • Jessie Marie Jacobs Muller Offermann (1890–1954) was an American mathematician who also made contributions to the field of genetics. Jessie M. Jacobs completed her undergraduate degree at McPherson College. After a year spent teaching high school she was awarded one of the first two fellowships to study graduate-level mathematics at the University of Kansas, where she earned her master's degree in 1916. She earned her Ph.D in mathematics from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1919 under the supervision of Arthur Byron Coble. She became an associate professor at Rockford College and then, in 1920, an instructor at the University of Texas at Austin, where she also edited the Texas Mathematics Teachers' Bulletin. Her tenure at the university, along with that of colleague , is (en)
  • Jessie Marie Jacobs Muller Offermann (1890 – 1954) foi uma matemática estadunidense, que também fez contribuições na área da genética. Jessie M. Jacobs concluiu sua graduação no . Depois de um ano lecionando no ensino médio, recebeu uma das duas primeiras bolsas para estudar matemática em nível de pós-graduação na Universidade do Kansas, onde obteve um mestrado em 1916. Obteve um doutorado em matemática pela Universidade de Illinois em Urbana-Champaign em 1919, orientada por Arthur Byron Coble. Tornou-se professora associada na e depois, em 1920, instrutora na Universidade do Texas em Austin, onde também editou o Texas Mathematics Teachers' Bulletin. Seu mandato na universidade, juntamente com o da colega , é reconhecido por uma série anual de aulas. (pt)
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  • Jessie Marie Jacobs Muller Offermann (1890–1954) was an American mathematician who also made contributions to the field of genetics. Jessie M. Jacobs completed her undergraduate degree at McPherson College. After a year spent teaching high school she was awarded one of the first two fellowships to study graduate-level mathematics at the University of Kansas, where she earned her master's degree in 1916. She earned her Ph.D in mathematics from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1919 under the supervision of Arthur Byron Coble. She became an associate professor at Rockford College and then, in 1920, an instructor at the University of Texas at Austin, where she also edited the Texas Mathematics Teachers' Bulletin. Her tenure at the university, along with that of colleague , is recognized by an annual lecture series. While at the University of Texas, she met geneticist Hermann Joseph Muller, when he asked her for help modeling the mathematics of mutation in flies. The couple married in 1923. Their son David, who would become a mathematician and computer scientist, was born the following year. Jessie's university appointment was terminated in 1924 against her wishes: her departmental colleagues felt that academia and motherhood were incompatible. Her own teaching career over, Jessie collaborated with her husband in the Drosophila laboratory and co-authored an article with him. Muller would later win a Nobel prize for the research he performed with Jessie's assistance during this period. The marriage had grown strained, but in 1933 Jessie joined Hermann Muller in Berlin and then Leningrad for a portion of his Guggenheim fellowship. She divorced her husband in 1935 (first in the Soviet Union, then in Texas) and within a few months remarried Carlos Alberto Offermann. He had worked in Hermann Muller's Leningrad laboratory from 1933-1934. After marrying Jessie in Texas Carlos returned to his position, now relocated to Moscow, though his wife and stepson were unable to join him. So long as his father remained in the Soviet Union, a Texas judge refused to permit David Muller to leave the state. Jessie made a living in Austin by tutoring university students in mathematics, subletting a room, and supervising a Works Progress Administration group writing a history of Travis County. In 1938, Carlos Offermann returned to Austin, and the family soon moved to Chicago. Assisted by his wife, Carlos pursued experimental work necessary for his Ph.D. Jessie was diagnosed with tuberculosis, and in 1940 the family moved to California, where they hoped she could recuperate. In 1942, her health had deteriorated and she was forced to enter a sanitarium, and was institutionalized at the time of her death. (en)
  • Jessie Marie Jacobs Muller Offermann (1890 – 1954) foi uma matemática estadunidense, que também fez contribuições na área da genética. Jessie M. Jacobs concluiu sua graduação no . Depois de um ano lecionando no ensino médio, recebeu uma das duas primeiras bolsas para estudar matemática em nível de pós-graduação na Universidade do Kansas, onde obteve um mestrado em 1916. Obteve um doutorado em matemática pela Universidade de Illinois em Urbana-Champaign em 1919, orientada por Arthur Byron Coble. Tornou-se professora associada na e depois, em 1920, instrutora na Universidade do Texas em Austin, onde também editou o Texas Mathematics Teachers' Bulletin. Seu mandato na universidade, juntamente com o da colega , é reconhecido por uma série anual de aulas. Enquanto estava na Universidade do Texas conheceu o geneticista Hermann Muller, quando ele lhe pediu ajuda para modelar a matemática da mutação em moscas. Casaram-se em 1923. Seu filho , que se tornaria um matemático e cientista da computação, nasceu no ano seguinte. A nomeação universitária de Jessie foi encerrada em 1924 contra sua vontade: seus colegas de departamento achavam que a academia e a maternidade eram incompatíveis. Terminada a carreira de professora, Jessie colaborou com seu marido no laboratório Drosophila e foi coautora de um artigo com ele. Muller mais tarde ganharia um prêmio Nobel pela pesquisa que realizou com a ajuda de Jessie durante esse período. O casamento ficou tenso, mas em 1933 Jessie se juntou a Hermann Muller em Berlim e depois em Leningrado para uma parte de sua bolsa de estudos Guggenheim. Ela se divorciou do marido em 1935 (primeiro na União Soviética, depois no Texas) e em poucos meses se casou novamente com Carlos Alberto Offermann. Ele havia trabalhado no laboratório de Hermann Muller em Leningrado em 1933-1934. Depois de se casar com Jessie no Texas, Carlos voltou ao seu cargo, agora transferido para Moscou, embora sua esposa e enteado não pudessem se juntar a ele. Enquanto seu pai permaneceu na União Soviética, um juiz do Texas recusou-se a permitir que David Muller deixasse o estado. Jessie ganhava a vida em Austin ensinando matemática a estudantes universitários, alugando um quarto. Em 1938 Carlos Offermann retornou a Austin, e a família logo se mudou para Chicago. Auxiliado por sua esposa, Carlos buscou o trabalho experimental necessário para seu doutorado. Jessie foi diagnosticada com tuberculose e, em 1940, a família mudou-se para a Califórnia, onde esperavam que ela pudesse se recuperar. Em 1942 sua saúde se deteriorou e ela foi forçada a entrar em um sanatório, sendo internada no momento de sua morte. (pt)
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