John Barney Peterson (July 4, 1850 – July 16, 1944) was a U.S. Representative from Indiana, cousin of Horatio Clifford Claypool and Harold Kile Claypool. Born near Lowell, Indiana, Peterson attended the public schools.He studied law.He was admitted to the bar in 1870 and commenced practice in Crown Point, Indiana.He served as prosecuting attorney of the thirty-first judicial circuit 1880-1884.