About: Joseph Townsend

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Joseph Townsend (4 April 1739 – 9 November 1816) was a British medical doctor, geologist and vicar of Pewsey in Wiltshire, perhaps best known for his 1786 treatise A Dissertation on the Poor Laws in which he expounded a naturalistic theory of economics and opposed state provision, either outdoor or otherwise.

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rdfs:label	Joseph Townsend (en) Joseph Townsend (de) Joseph Townsend (es) Joseph Townsend (fr)
rdfs:comment	Joseph Townsend (* 4. April 1739 in London; † 9. November 1816) war ein britischer Geologe, Arzt und Priester der Church of England. (de) Joseph Townsend (4 avril 1739, Londres - 9 novembre 1816) est un homme d'église, penseur libéral, médecin et géologue britannique. (fr) Joseph Townsend (4 April 1739 – 9 November 1816) was a British medical doctor, geologist and vicar of Pewsey in Wiltshire, perhaps best known for his 1786 treatise A Dissertation on the Poor Laws in which he expounded a naturalistic theory of economics and opposed state provision, either outdoor or otherwise. (en) Joseph Townsend (4 de abril de 1739 - 9 de noviembre de 1816) fue médico, geólogo y vicario de Pewsey (Wiltshire, Reino Unido), conocido por su tratado «Disertación sobre las leyes de pobres» (A Dissertation on the Poor Laws), en el que exponía una teoría naturalista de la economía, y se oponía a las prestaciones estatales. (es)
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dcterms:subject	18th-century English medical doctors 18th-century British geologists Alumni of the University of Edinburgh 19th-century English medical doctors Alumni of Clare College, Cambridge 19th-century English scientists 1816 deaths 1739 births 18th-century English scientists English geologists 19th-century British geologists
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Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	Calvinistic Methodists 18th-century English medical doctors Pewsey 18th-century British geologists Alumni of the University of Edinburgh Church of England Clare College, Cambridge 19th-century English medical doctors Thomas Robert Malthus Alumni of Clare College, Cambridge William Smith (geologist) Wiltshire James Hutton 19th-century English scientists Chauncy Townsend Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion 1816 deaths 1739 births 18th-century English scientists English geologists 19th-century British geologists Syphilis Stratigraphy
Link from a Wikipage to an external page	http://www.northwilts.gov.uk/community/getconcise.php%3Fid=181 http://socserv.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/townsend/poorlaw.html http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx%3Fcompid=23048
sameAs	Joseph Townsend Joseph Townsend Joseph Townsend Joseph Townsend Joseph Townsend Joseph Townsend Joseph Townsend Joseph Townsend Joseph Townsend Joseph Townsend
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has abstract	Joseph Townsend (* 4. April 1739 in London; † 9. November 1816) war ein britischer Geologe, Arzt und Priester der Church of England. (de) Joseph Townsend (4 avril 1739, Londres - 9 novembre 1816) est un homme d'église, penseur libéral, médecin et géologue britannique. (fr) Joseph Townsend (4 April 1739 – 9 November 1816) was a British medical doctor, geologist and vicar of Pewsey in Wiltshire, perhaps best known for his 1786 treatise A Dissertation on the Poor Laws in which he expounded a naturalistic theory of economics and opposed state provision, either outdoor or otherwise. In A Dissertation on the Poor Laws, Townsend criticized relief as allowing the population to swell by protecting the weak (see his parable of the goats and dogs on the Island of Fernandez), and thus called for the abolition of any state relief in pursuance of greater productivity, as "it is only hunger which can spur and goad them on to labour." (Townsend, 1971:23) In another statement, he more explicitly said: "[Direct] legal constraint [to labor] . . . is attended with too much trouble, violence, and noise, . . . whereas hunger is not only a peaceable, silent, unremitted pressure, but as the most natural motive to industry, it calls forth the most powerful exertions. . . . Hunger will tame the fiercest animals, it will teach decency and civility, obedience and subjugation to the most brutish, the most obstinate, and the most perverse." Townsend has been credited with anticipating Thomas Malthus' argument against public welfare assistance in An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798). Unlike Malthus, however, Townsend advocated a system of social insurance through compulsory membership of friendly societies, which would meet the health and burial costs of the poor. (en) Joseph Townsend (4 de abril de 1739 - 9 de noviembre de 1816) fue médico, geólogo y vicario de Pewsey (Wiltshire, Reino Unido), conocido por su tratado «Disertación sobre las leyes de pobres» (A Dissertation on the Poor Laws), en el que exponía una teoría naturalista de la economía, y se oponía a las prestaciones estatales. En dicha disertación, Townsend critica las ayudas estatales, considerando que provocan un aumento de la población, agravando así la miseria que pretenden aliviar, y por tanto pide la abolición de estas ayudas para fomentar la productividad, ya que según él, «solo el hambre puede estimularles e incitarles a trabajar».(Townsend, 1971:23) En otro escrito es aún más explícito: «la limitación legal [al trabajo] (…) se se acompaña de grandes disturbios, violencia y ruido (…) mientras que el hambre no solo es una amenaza pacífica, silenciosa e implacable, sino que siendo el motivo más natural para la laboriosidad, produce los esfuerzos más poderosos (…). El hambre amansa a las fieras más indómitas, enseña decencia y urbanidad, obediencia y sometimiento incluso a los más brutos, obstinados y perversos». A Townsend se le reconoce el mérito de haber anticipado el argumento de Thomas Malthus contra la asistencia social pública en su «Ensayo sobre el principio de la población» (1798). No obstante, a diferencia de Malthus, Townsend abogaba por un sistema de seguridad social mediante la pertenencia obligatoria a mutuas de previsión que se encargarían de los gastos sanitarios y funerarios de los pobres. (es)
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