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The Josephines (Latin Josephini or Josepini) were Christian heretics condemned by Pope Lucius III's decree Ad abolendam in 1184 with the support of the Emperor Frederick I. They were "subject to a perpetual anathema" along with the Cathars and Patarenes, Humiliati, Poor Men of Lyon, Passagians and Arnaldists.

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  • Josefinos (herejía) (es)
  • Josephines (en)
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  • Los Josefinos (latín Josephini o Josepini) fueron heréticos cristianos condenados por el decreto del Papa Lucio III en 1184 con el apoyo del Emperador Federico I. Fueron sometidos a un anatema perpetuo junto con los cátaros y patarenos, , orden religiosa italiana de hombres formada probablemente en el siglo XII. Fue suprimido por una bula papal en 1571, aunque una orden asociada de mujeres continuó hasta el siglo XX, los pobres de Lyon, pasagianos y arnaldistas.​ (es)
  • The Josephines (Latin Josephini or Josepini) were Christian heretics condemned by Pope Lucius III's decree Ad abolendam in 1184 with the support of the Emperor Frederick I. They were "subject to a perpetual anathema" along with the Cathars and Patarenes, Humiliati, Poor Men of Lyon, Passagians and Arnaldists. (en)
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  • The Josephines (Latin Josephini or Josepini) were Christian heretics condemned by Pope Lucius III's decree Ad abolendam in 1184 with the support of the Emperor Frederick I. They were "subject to a perpetual anathema" along with the Cathars and Patarenes, Humiliati, Poor Men of Lyon, Passagians and Arnaldists. Almost nothing is known about the Josephines. They are mentioned, again alongside the Passagians, who practised circumcision, in a bull of Pope Gregory IX in 1231 and in charters of Emperor Frederick II in 1239. From this, Robert Eisler concludes that they were Judaizers. He connects them to a seventh-century Paulician sect claiming descent from Josephus Epaphroditus, already recognised as a spurious figure by Peter of Sicily and in the ninth century. He represents a conflation of Flavius Josephus and the freedman Epaphroditus. For Eisler, such ideas were transmitted by the Slavonic Josephus, which he accepted as authentic. He thus traced the western Josephines, whom he placed in Lombardy and Provence, to the Paulicians resettled in Europe in the eighth century. The Josephines are sometimes identified with the Josephists (Josephistae) mentioned by a 13th-century writer in Germany. The latter are accused of practising only spiritual marriage and condemning sexual activity, in which case they probably took their name from Saint Joseph, who, on the Catholic view of the perpetual virginity of Mary, did not consummate his marriage. Ilarino da Milano, however, rejected the identification of the two sects as baseless. (en)
  • Los Josefinos (latín Josephini o Josepini) fueron heréticos cristianos condenados por el decreto del Papa Lucio III en 1184 con el apoyo del Emperador Federico I. Fueron sometidos a un anatema perpetuo junto con los cátaros y patarenos, , orden religiosa italiana de hombres formada probablemente en el siglo XII. Fue suprimido por una bula papal en 1571, aunque una orden asociada de mujeres continuó hasta el siglo XX, los pobres de Lyon, pasagianos y arnaldistas.​ No se sabe casi nada de los josefinos.​ Se los menciona, de nuevo junto a los pasiegos, que practicaban la circuncisión, en una bula del papa Gregorio IX en 1231 y en los estatutos del emperador Federico II en 1239. De esto, Robert Eisler concluye que eran judaizantes. Los relaciona con una secta de paulicianos del siglo VII que reclamaba la descendencia de Josefo Epafrodito, ya reconocido como una figura espuria por y en el siglo IX. Representa una fusión de Flavio Josefo y el liberto Epafrodito. Para Eisler, tales ideas fueron transmitidas por el Josefo Eslavo, que aceptó como auténtico. De este modo, relacionó a los josefinos occidentales, a los que situó en Lombardía y Provenza, con los paulicianos reasentados en Europa en el siglo VIII.​ Los josefinos se identifican a veces con los josefistas (Josephistae) mencionados por un escritor del siglo XIII en Alemania. A estos últimos se les acusa de practicar sólo el y de condenar la actividad sexual, en cuyo caso probablemente tomaron su nombre de San José, quien, según la de la virginidad perpetua de María, no consumó su matrimonio. Ilarino da Milano, sin embargo, rechazó la identificación de las dos sectas por considerarla infundada.​ (es)
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