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Juramentado, in Philippine history, refers to a male Moro swordsman (from the Tausug tribe of Sulu) who attacked and killed targeted occupying and invading police and soldiers, expecting to be killed himself, the martyrdom undertaken as a form of jihad, considered a form of suicide attack. Unlike an amok, who commits acts of random violence against Muslims and non-Muslims alike, a juramentado was a dedicated, premeditated, and sometimes highly skilled killer who prepared himself through a ritual of binding, shaving, and prayer in order to accomplish brazen attacks armed only with edged weapons.

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  • Juramentado (ca)
  • Juramentado (es)
  • Juramentado (en)
  • Juramentado (pt)
  • 胡拉门塔多 (zh)
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  • 胡拉门塔多（Juramentado）是菲律宾歷史上摩洛人男性劍士、刺客的統稱，他們會試圖襲擊並殺死那些入侵本國國土的敵國警察和士兵，同時亦希望自己因此犧牲。這種吉哈德形式的殉教，往往被視為一種自殺攻擊。不過，這種刺殺行動與（一種對穆斯林或非穆斯林進行的無差別暴力行動）不同，胡拉门塔多都是專注而富有謀略的，有時亦是高技能的殺手，他們會通過綁定、剃鬚和祈禱的儀式來準備自己，以便完成僅使用鋒利武器的無恥的攻擊。他們亦相信这種刺殺行動即使失敗，也可在死後進入天堂。 在菲律賓被入侵的歷史上，這些摩洛人部族，歷代都有人成為胡拉门塔多，並且發揮许多作用，他們的頻繁出擊使得西班牙人在整个殖民時代結束前，也沒能真正控制棉蘭老島和蘇祿群島周圍的地區。雖然無法與敵人的武力正面對抗，但這些刺客依然會利用自身靈活的機動性和情報優勢來襲擊敵人最脆弱的部分。 此類型的最後一次行動發生在第二次世界大戰期間與日軍的戰鬥之中。 (zh)
  • Un juramentado fa referència, en la història filipina, a un espadatxí suïcida de l'ètnia moro, que atacava i matava soldats i policies cristians, esperant que el matessin, cercant el martiri com a forma poc ortodoxa de gihadisme personal. A diferència d'un amok, que cometia actes de violència aleatòria contra musulmans i no-musulmans indistintament, un juramentado era un assassí dedicat, premeditat i, de vegades, altament especialitzat que es preparava mitjançant un ritual d'unió, afaitat i oració per tal d'aconseguir un assassinat religiós, públic i a cara descoberta, armat només amb armes blanques. (ca)
  • Un juramentado hace referencia, en la historia filipina, a un asesino suicida de la etnia joloana que atacaba y mataba soldados y policías cristianos, esperando que lo mataran, buscando el martirio como forma poco ortodoxa de yihad personal.​ A diferencia de un amok, que cometía actos de violencia aleatoria contra musulmanes y no-musulmanes indistintamente, un juramentado era un asesino dedicado, premeditado y a veces altamente especializado que se preparaba mediante un ritual de unión, afeitado y oración para conseguir un asesinato religioso, público y armado sólo con armas blancas. (es)
  • Juramentado, in Philippine history, refers to a male Moro swordsman (from the Tausug tribe of Sulu) who attacked and killed targeted occupying and invading police and soldiers, expecting to be killed himself, the martyrdom undertaken as a form of jihad, considered a form of suicide attack. Unlike an amok, who commits acts of random violence against Muslims and non-Muslims alike, a juramentado was a dedicated, premeditated, and sometimes highly skilled killer who prepared himself through a ritual of binding, shaving, and prayer in order to accomplish brazen attacks armed only with edged weapons. (en)
  • Juramentado, na história filipina, refere-se a um espadachim Moro homem que atacou e matou alvos ocupados e invadiu a polícia e os quartéis, esperando ser morto, o martírio empreendido como uma forma não pessoal, considerado uma forma de ataque suicida. Ao contrário de um amok, que comete atos de violências aleatórias iguais contra muçulmanos e não-muçulmano, um juramentado era um dedicado, premeditado, e às vezes um assassino altamente qualificado que se preparou através de um ritual obrigatório, barbear e orar, a fim de realizar um descarado assassinato religioso armado apenas com armas afiadas. (pt)
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