Kathleen O'Callaghan (née Murphy; 11 October 1885 – 16 March 1961) was an Irish Sinn Féin politician and academic. She was born at Lissandra, Crossmahon, Bandon, County Cork in 1885. She was educated at St Mary's Dominican College, Dublin, the Royal University of Ireland and the University of Cambridge. Before entering politics she was a member of Cumann na mBan. In 1914, she married Michael O'Callaghan, who later became a Limerick City Councillor and Mayor of Limerick. He was killed in front of her by the Auxiliary Division of the Royal Irish Constabulary at their home in 1921.