Kesavananda Bharati Sripadagalvaru & Ors. v. State of Kerala & Anr. (Writ Petition (Civil) 135 of 1970), also known as the Kesavananda Bharati judgement, was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of India that outlined the basic structure doctrine of the Indian Constitution. The case is also known as the Fundamental Rights Case. The court in a 7-6 decision asserted its right to strike down amendments to the constitution that were in violation of the fundamental architecture of the constitution.
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| - Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (in)
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (en)
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| - Kesavananda Bharati Sripadagalvaru & Ors. v. State of Kerala & Anr. (Writ Petition (Civil) 135 of 1970), also known as the Kesavananda Bharati judgement, was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of India that outlined the basic structure doctrine of the Indian Constitution. The case is also known as the Fundamental Rights Case. The court in a 7-6 decision asserted its right to strike down amendments to the constitution that were in violation of the fundamental architecture of the constitution. (en)
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (nama lengkap: His Holiness Kesavananda Bharati Sripadagalvaru and Ors. v. State of Kerala and Anr. (1973) 4 SCC 225) adalah putusan penting Mahkamah Agung India yang menjabarkan Konstitusi India. Dalam putusan ini, Hakim Hans Raj Khanna menyatakan bahwa konstitusi India memiliki struktur dasar yang tidak dapat diamendemen oleh Parlemen India. (in)
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| - Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (en)
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| - Kesavananda Bharati Sripadagalvaru & Ors. v. State of Kerala & Anr. (en)
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| - Sikri, C. J., A. N. Grover, A. N. Ray, D. G. Palekar, H. R. Khanna, J. M. Shelat, K. K. Mathew, K. S. Hegde, M.H. Beg, P. Jaganmohan Reddy, S. N. Dwivedi, Y. V. Chandrachud (en)
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| - Sikri, C. J.; Hegde and Mukherjea, JJ.; Shelat and Grover, JJ.; Jaganmohan Reddy, J.; Khanna, J. (en)
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| - Kesavananda Bharati Sripadagalvaru & Ors. v. State of Kerala & Anr. (Writ Petition (Civil) 135 of 1970), also known as the Kesavananda Bharati judgement, was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of India that outlined the basic structure doctrine of the Indian Constitution. The case is also known as the Fundamental Rights Case. The court in a 7-6 decision asserted its right to strike down amendments to the constitution that were in violation of the fundamental architecture of the constitution. Justice Hans Raj Khanna asserted through the Basic Structure doctrine that the constitution possesses a basic structure of constitutional principles and values. The Court partially cemented the prior precedent Golaknath v. State of Punjab, which held that constitutional amendments through Article 368 were subject to fundamental rights review, but only if they could affect the 'basic structure of the Constitution'. At the same time, the Court also upheld the constitutionality of the first provision of Article 31-C, which implied that amendments seeking to implement the Directive Principles, which do not affect the 'Basic Structure,' shall not be subjected to judicial review. The doctrine forms the basis of power of the Indian judiciary to review and override amendments to the Constitution of India enacted by the Indian parliament. The 13-judge Constitution bench of the Supreme Court deliberated on the limitations, if any, of the powers of the elected representatives of the people and the nature of fundamental rights of an individual. In a verdict divided 7–6, the court held that while the Parliament has 'wide' powers, it did not have the power to destroy or emasculate the basic elements or fundamental features of the constitution. When this case was decided, the underlying apprehension of the majority bench that elected representatives could not be trusted to act responsibly was unprecedented. The Kesavananda judgment also defined the extent to which Parliament could restrict property rights, in pursuit of land reform and the redistribution of large landholdings to cultivators, overruling previous decisions that suggested that the right to property could not be restricted. The case was a culmination of a series of cases relating to limitations to the power to amend the Constitution. (en)
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (nama lengkap: His Holiness Kesavananda Bharati Sripadagalvaru and Ors. v. State of Kerala and Anr. (1973) 4 SCC 225) adalah putusan penting Mahkamah Agung India yang menjabarkan Konstitusi India. Dalam putusan ini, Hakim Hans Raj Khanna menyatakan bahwa konstitusi India memiliki struktur dasar yang tidak dapat diamendemen oleh Parlemen India. Sebelumnya, dalam perkara Golaknath v. State of Punjab, Mahkamah Agung India menyatakan bahwa amendemen konstitusi tidak boleh digunakan untuk mengurangi hak-hak dasar karena amendemen dianggap masuk ke dalam cakupan istilah "undang-undang" dalam Pasal 13 Undang-undang Dasar India yang melarang parlemen mengeluarkan undang-undang yang mengurangi hak-hak dasar. Akibatnya, Perdana Menteri India Indira Gandhi mengeluarkan Amendemen ke-24 dan ke-25 Undang-undang Dasar India pada tahun 1971. Amendemen ke-24 memperbolehkan parlemen menambah, mengubah, atau mencabut pasal mana pun di dalam undang-undang dasar (termasuk yang terkait dengan hak-hak dasar), sementara amendemen ke-25 mengizinkan reformasi properti. Keabsahan amendemen-amendemen tersebut digugat ke Mahkamah Agung pada tahun 1973. Mahkamah Agung pada mulanya menyatakan bahwa istilah "undang-undang" tidak mencakup amendemen konstitusi, sehingga pernyataan ini membatalkan preseden dalam perkara Golaknath. Namun demikian, tujuh dari tiga belas hakim Mahkamah Agung menegaskan bahwa wewenang untuk mengamendemen konstitusi tidak mencakup wewenang untuk mengubah "struktur dasar" Konstitusi India dan juga tidak dapat mengubah India. Hal inilah yang disebut dengan "doktrin struktur dasar". Sementara itu, enam hakim lainnya mengeluarkan pendapat berbeda yang menyatakan bahwa semua pasal dalam undang-undang dasar memiliki status yang sama dan dapat diamendemen. (in)
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| - Ray, J.; Palekar, J.; Mathew, J.; Beg, J.; Dwivedi, J.; Chandrachud, J. (en)
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