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| - Khalifah Keita adalah mansa Kekaisaran Mali ke-4. Ia berkuasa hanya selama satu tahun, dari tahun 1274 sampai ia dibunuh pada tahun 1275. Khalifa atau Khalifah adalah anak adopsi dari pendiri kekaisaran Mali yang legendaris, Sundiata Keita. Seperti Mansa Wati, Khalifa adalah putra jendral Kerajaan. Ia dibesarkan di istana dan bertempur dalam perang bersama Wati sampai kematian Mansa Wali tahun 1270. (in)
- Mansa Khalifa (... – 1275) è stato il quarto mansa dell'Impero del Mali e probabilmente il regnante più dissoluto dell'impero. Figlio di un generale e adottato da Mari Djata, salì al trono nel 1274. Secondo la tradizione era così crudele da scagliare frecce incendiare sui passanti, dal tetto del suo palazzo. Regnò per un anno e venne assassinato nel 1275, forse per volere del Gbara. (it)
- Халіфа Кейта (д/н — 1275) — 4-й манса імперії Малі в 1274—1275 роках. Держава при ньому ще більше слабкішою. Почалося втручання рабської гвардії в політичні справи. (uk)
- Khalifa Keita fue el cuarto mansa del Imperio de Malí. Rigió el imperio solo por un año desde 1274 hasta su asesinato en 1275. Khalifa era el hijo de un general adoptado por el legendario Sundiata Keita, según su política de atraerse a los mandos del ejército, al igual que su predecesor el Mansa Ouati. Khalifa fue elevado a la corte real y peleó en la destructiva guerra con Ouati después de la muerte del Mansa Ouali, único hijo de Sundiata, en 1270. (es)
- Khalifa was a 13th-century Mansa of the Mali Empire mentioned by the medieval Arab scholar Ibn Khaldun. All that is known of Khalifa's life comes from a brief mention in Ibn Khaldun's Kitāb al-ʻIbar: [Mārī Jāṭa] ruled for 25 years, according to what they relate, and when he died his son Mansā Walī ruled after him...His brother Wātī ruled after him and then a third brother, Khalīfa. Khalīfa was insane and devoted to archery and used to shoot arrows at his people and kill them wantonly so they rose against him and killed him. He was succeeded by a sibṭ [son of a daughter] of Mārī Jāṭa, called Abū Bakr, who was the son of his daughter. (en)
- Khalifa était un mansa du XIIIe siècle de l'empire du Mali mentionné par le savant arabe médiéval Ibn Khaldoun. Tout ce que l'on sait de la vie de Khalifa vient d'une brève mention dans le Kitāb al-ʻIbar d'Ibn Khaldun : (fr)
- Khalifa Keita – mansa królestwa Mali w latach 1274–1275. Jeden z trzech synów Sundiata Keita, obok Wali Keita i , a także najmłodszy z rodzeństwa. Wstąpił na tron, po obalonym przez bracie. Jego rządy były bardzo krótkie i burzliwe. Według Ibn Chalduna, Khalifa Keita był umysłowo chory, co miało mieć odzwierciedlenie w jego sadyzmie przejawiającym się w strzelaniu z łuku do poddanych. Jego stan prawdopodobnie był wykorzystywany, przez zwalczające się koterie dworzan. (pl)
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| - Khalifa Keita fue el cuarto mansa del Imperio de Malí. Rigió el imperio solo por un año desde 1274 hasta su asesinato en 1275. Khalifa era el hijo de un general adoptado por el legendario Sundiata Keita, según su política de atraerse a los mandos del ejército, al igual que su predecesor el Mansa Ouati. Khalifa fue elevado a la corte real y peleó en la destructiva guerra con Ouati después de la muerte del Mansa Ouali, único hijo de Sundiata, en 1270. Khalifa fue derrotado y forzado a marchar al exilio mientras Mansa Wati gobernó imcompetentemente durante 4 años. Después de la muerte de Wati, Khalifa peléo el trono. Su gobierno es recordado como uno de los peores de todos los emperadores. Las leyendas dicen que Khalifa escalaba al tejado de su palacio para disparar flechas de fuego los traseúntes por deporte. Su comportamiento intolerable fue terminado por la Gbara o Parlamento. Khalifa fue asesinado y reemplazado por el hermano de Sundiata, Manding Bory, llamado también Abú Bark o Abubakari, que debiera haber sido elegido en 1255 en lugar de Ouali I, según la Ley. (es)
- Khalifa was a 13th-century Mansa of the Mali Empire mentioned by the medieval Arab scholar Ibn Khaldun. All that is known of Khalifa's life comes from a brief mention in Ibn Khaldun's Kitāb al-ʻIbar: [Mārī Jāṭa] ruled for 25 years, according to what they relate, and when he died his son Mansā Walī ruled after him...His brother Wātī ruled after him and then a third brother, Khalīfa. Khalīfa was insane and devoted to archery and used to shoot arrows at his people and kill them wantonly so they rose against him and killed him. He was succeeded by a sibṭ [son of a daughter] of Mārī Jāṭa, called Abū Bakr, who was the son of his daughter. Oral tradition does not mention Khalifa, which the historian Djibril Tamsir Niane attributed to oral historians often only remembering rulers who left descendants. While Ibn Khaldun's genealogy implies Sunjata had at least three sons, oral tradition varies on the number of sons Sunjata had, but many traditions claim he had only one, Yerelinkon, who corresponds to the Mansa Wali mentioned by Ibn Khaldun. However, some traditions claim that in addition to his biological son(s), Sunjata adopted the sons of his generals, though it is not specified who these adopted sons were. In any case, it is unclear whether Khalifa was actually a son of Sunjata. The historians Ralph Austen and Jan Jansen argued that Ibn Khaldun's account of Mali's history should not be taken entirely literally, as it reflects Ibn Khaldun's worldview that dynasties typically followed a four-generation cycle of decline. Khalifa, as the fourth ruler of Mali, corresponds to the fourth generation in Ibn Khaldun's theory, where the dynasty descends into tyranny and is overthrown, beginning the cycle anew. The historian Michael Gomez has observed that khalīfa translates as "successor", and as such proposed it was not his actual name. Gomez argued that the brief reign of Khalifa was part of an ongoing power struggle between the great council and the hunter guilds. In this interpretation, Khalifa's fondness for archery would refer to his ties to the hunter guilds, and his overthrow indicates that the great council was able to take back power and put their preferred candidate on the throne, Sunjata's grandson Abu Bakr. The dates of Khalifa's reign are unknown. Maurice Delafosse placed his reign between 1273 and 1275, but many of the dates reported by Delafosse lack supporting evidence. The earlier mansa Wali went on the hajj at some point between 1260 and 1277, and the later mansa Sakura died while traveling back to Mali after going on the hajj at some point between 1298 and 1312, placing Khalifa's reign at some point in the late 13th century. (en)
- Khalifah Keita adalah mansa Kekaisaran Mali ke-4. Ia berkuasa hanya selama satu tahun, dari tahun 1274 sampai ia dibunuh pada tahun 1275. Khalifa atau Khalifah adalah anak adopsi dari pendiri kekaisaran Mali yang legendaris, Sundiata Keita. Seperti Mansa Wati, Khalifa adalah putra jendral Kerajaan. Ia dibesarkan di istana dan bertempur dalam perang bersama Wati sampai kematian Mansa Wali tahun 1270. (in)
- Mansa Khalifa (... – 1275) è stato il quarto mansa dell'Impero del Mali e probabilmente il regnante più dissoluto dell'impero. Figlio di un generale e adottato da Mari Djata, salì al trono nel 1274. Secondo la tradizione era così crudele da scagliare frecce incendiare sui passanti, dal tetto del suo palazzo. Regnò per un anno e venne assassinato nel 1275, forse per volere del Gbara. (it)
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