King of All Peoples (Akkadian: šar kiššat nišē) was a rarely attested title of great prestige claimed by some of the kings of Assyria. It was one of several ancient Mesopotamian titles explicitly claiming world domination, the others being šar kibrāt erbetti (King of the Four Corners of the World) and šar kiššatim (King of the Universe). Unlike these other two titles, which had their origins during the Akkadian Empire ~2300 BC and had endured widespread recognition and usage throughout more than a thousand years of Mesopotamian history, the title of šar kiššat nišē appears to have been a later Assyrian invention only used by a handful of kings.
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| - Rey de Todos los Pueblos (es)
- Re di tutti i popoli (it)
- King of All Peoples (en)
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| - King of All Peoples (Akkadian: šar kiššat nišē) was a rarely attested title of great prestige claimed by some of the kings of Assyria. It was one of several ancient Mesopotamian titles explicitly claiming world domination, the others being šar kibrāt erbetti (King of the Four Corners of the World) and šar kiššatim (King of the Universe). Unlike these other two titles, which had their origins during the Akkadian Empire ~2300 BC and had endured widespread recognition and usage throughout more than a thousand years of Mesopotamian history, the title of šar kiššat nišē appears to have been a later Assyrian invention only used by a handful of kings. (en)
- Rey de Todos los Pueblos (en idioma acadio: šar kiššat nišē) fue un título de gran prestigio raramente atestiguado por algunos de los reyes de Asiria. Fue uno de los varios títulos de la antigua Mesopotamia que reclamaban explícitamente la dominación mundial; los otros títulos eran šar kibrāt erbetti (Rey de las cuatro esquinas del mundo) y šar kiššatim (Rey del universo). A diferencia de estos otros dos títulos, que tuvieron sus orígenes durante el Imperio Acadio ~ 2300 a. C. y habían sufrido un amplio reconocimiento y uso a lo largo de más de mil años de historia mesopotámica, el título de šar kiššat nišē parece haber sido una invención asiria posterior, utilizada solo por un puñado de reyes. (es)
- Re di tutti i popoli (accadico: šar kiššat nišē) era un titolo raramente attestato di grande prestigio rivendicato da alcuni dei re d'Assiria. Era uno dei antichi titoli mesopotamici che rivendicavano esplicitamente il dominio del mondo, gli altri erano šar kibrāt erbetti (Re dei quattro angoli del mondo) e šar kiššatim (Re dell'universo). A differenza di questi altri due titoli che avevano le loro origini durante l'Impero di Akkad ~ 2300 a.C. e avevano subito un diffuso riconoscimento e utilizzo in oltre mille anni di storia mesopotamica, il titolo di šar kiššat nišē sembra essere stato un'invenzione dei re assiri ed essere stato utilizzato solo da una manciata di monarchi. (it)
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| - Rey de Todos los Pueblos (en idioma acadio: šar kiššat nišē) fue un título de gran prestigio raramente atestiguado por algunos de los reyes de Asiria. Fue uno de los varios títulos de la antigua Mesopotamia que reclamaban explícitamente la dominación mundial; los otros títulos eran šar kibrāt erbetti (Rey de las cuatro esquinas del mundo) y šar kiššatim (Rey del universo). A diferencia de estos otros dos títulos, que tuvieron sus orígenes durante el Imperio Acadio ~ 2300 a. C. y habían sufrido un amplio reconocimiento y uso a lo largo de más de mil años de historia mesopotámica, el título de šar kiššat nišē parece haber sido una invención asiria posterior, utilizada solo por un puñado de reyes. A diferencia de los otros títulos de supuesta dominación mundial, "rey de todos los pueblos" no se refiere a un dominio territorial, sino que el rey asirio era superior a los extranjeros y que poseía el derecho legítimo de gobernarlos (a todos). Aparece en los titulares de los reyes medio asirios Salmanasar I y TukultiNinurta I. (es)
- King of All Peoples (Akkadian: šar kiššat nišē) was a rarely attested title of great prestige claimed by some of the kings of Assyria. It was one of several ancient Mesopotamian titles explicitly claiming world domination, the others being šar kibrāt erbetti (King of the Four Corners of the World) and šar kiššatim (King of the Universe). Unlike these other two titles, which had their origins during the Akkadian Empire ~2300 BC and had endured widespread recognition and usage throughout more than a thousand years of Mesopotamian history, the title of šar kiššat nišē appears to have been a later Assyrian invention only used by a handful of kings. Unlike the other titles of supposed world domination, "king of all peoples" does not refer to a territorial domain, but rather that the Assyrian king was superior to foreign people and that he possessed a legitimate right to govern (all of) them. It appears in the titularies of the Middle-Assyrian kings Shalmaneser I and Tukulti-Ninurta I. Šar kiššat nišē was one of several titles used by the Neo-Assyrian king Ashurnasirpal II, other similar titles and epithets used by him include šapir kal nišē ("commander of all peoples") and ša naphar kiššat nišē ipellu ("he who rules all people"). To enforce his right to rule over all peoples, Ashurnasirpal made sure that his new capital of Kalhu had a very distinct multi-ethnic character as the result of moving people from throughout his empire to its location. The title of šar kiššat nišē was also a frequently used and important title of Ashurnasirpal's successor Shalmaneser III. (en)
- Re di tutti i popoli (accadico: šar kiššat nišē) era un titolo raramente attestato di grande prestigio rivendicato da alcuni dei re d'Assiria. Era uno dei antichi titoli mesopotamici che rivendicavano esplicitamente il dominio del mondo, gli altri erano šar kibrāt erbetti (Re dei quattro angoli del mondo) e šar kiššatim (Re dell'universo). A differenza di questi altri due titoli che avevano le loro origini durante l'Impero di Akkad ~ 2300 a.C. e avevano subito un diffuso riconoscimento e utilizzo in oltre mille anni di storia mesopotamica, il titolo di šar kiššat nišē sembra essere stato un'invenzione dei re assiri ed essere stato utilizzato solo da una manciata di monarchi. A differenza degli altri titoli di presunta dominazione del mondo, "re di tutti i popoli" non si riferiva ad un dominio territoriale ma al legittimo diretto del re assiro, in quanto superiore agli Stranieri, di governare su tutti i popoli. Appare nei titoli dei re medio-assiri Salmanassar I e Tukulti-Ninurta I. Šar kiššat nišē era uno dei numerosi titoli usati dal re neo-assiro Assurnasirpal II, altri titoli ed epiteti simili usati da lui includono šapir kal nišē ("comandante di tutti i popoli") e ša naphar kiššat nišē ipellu ("colui che governa tutti i popoli"). Per far valere il suo diritto di governare su tutti i popoli, Assurnasirpal si assicurò che la sua nuova capitale di Kalhu avesse un carattere multietnico molto distinto come risultato della deportazione fattavi di personale qualificato proveniente da tutto l'Impero. Il titolo di šar kiššat nišē fu ampiamente utilizzato anche dal figlio (e successore) di Ashurnasirpal, Salmanassar III. (it)
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