Lemuel James Alston (1760–1836) was a slave owner and U.S. Representative from South Carolina. Born in the eastern part of Granville County (which is now Warren County) in the Province of North Carolina, Alston moved to South Carolina after the Revolutionary War and settled near Greens Mill, which soon became the town of Greenville, South Carolina. He studied law and was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Greenville. He served as member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1789 to 1790.