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Listing's law, named after German mathematician Johann Benedict Listing (1808–1882), describes the three-dimensional orientation of the eye and its axes of rotation. Listing's law has been shown to hold when the head is stationary and upright and gaze is directed toward far targets, i.e., when the eyes are either fixating, making saccades, or pursuing moving visual targets. Listing's law (often abbreviated L1) has been generalized to yield the binocular extension of Listing's law (often abbreviated L2) which also covers vergence.

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  • Loi de Listing (fr)
  • Listing's law (en)
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  • Listing's law, named after German mathematician Johann Benedict Listing (1808–1882), describes the three-dimensional orientation of the eye and its axes of rotation. Listing's law has been shown to hold when the head is stationary and upright and gaze is directed toward far targets, i.e., when the eyes are either fixating, making saccades, or pursuing moving visual targets. Listing's law (often abbreviated L1) has been generalized to yield the binocular extension of Listing's law (often abbreviated L2) which also covers vergence. (en)
  • L'œil a trois degrés de liberté (azimut, élévation, torsion). Pourtant, lorsqu'on fixe le regard à un endroit donné, l'orientation de l'œil est toujours la même (loi de Donders). Autrement dit, si on connaît l’azimut et l'élévation, on peut prédire la torsion de l'œil. Attention : le mouvement effectif de l'œil n'est pas cette simple rotation mais, souvent, plus courbe ; la loi ne décrit correctement que la posture finale de l'œil. Le plan de Listing se déplace légèrement quand on penche la tête. (fr)
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  • L'œil a trois degrés de liberté (azimut, élévation, torsion). Pourtant, lorsqu'on fixe le regard à un endroit donné, l'orientation de l'œil est toujours la même (loi de Donders). Autrement dit, si on connaît l’azimut et l'élévation, on peut prédire la torsion de l'œil. En fait, la loi de Listing stipule que la position de l'œil, à la fin d'une saccade, se déduit toujours de sa position initiale par une rotation dont l'axe est toujours contenu dans le même plan (le plan de Listing). Ce plan est orthogonal à la direction du regard, pour une position particulière de l'œil dite « position primaire » (approximativement, le regard droit devant). Attention : le mouvement effectif de l'œil n'est pas cette simple rotation mais, souvent, plus courbe ; la loi ne décrit correctement que la posture finale de l'œil. Le plan de Listing se déplace légèrement quand on penche la tête. Cette loi doit son nom au mathématicien et physiologiste allemand Johann Benedict Listing (1808-1882). (fr)
  • Listing's law, named after German mathematician Johann Benedict Listing (1808–1882), describes the three-dimensional orientation of the eye and its axes of rotation. Listing's law has been shown to hold when the head is stationary and upright and gaze is directed toward far targets, i.e., when the eyes are either fixating, making saccades, or pursuing moving visual targets. Listing's law (often abbreviated L1) has been generalized to yield the binocular extension of Listing's law (often abbreviated L2) which also covers vergence. (en)
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