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The Liuqiu or Lewchew of the Book of Sui and other medieval Chinese texts was a realm said to have existed in the East China Sea. During the 18th and 19th centuries, it was referred to as Liukiu in English; and, Lieou-kieou in French. It is variously identified with Taiwan Island, the Penghu or Pescadore Islands, and the Ryukyu Archipelago. While this small independent kingdom of seafaring traders was similar to the settlements found in Japan's southern islands, its culture was more strongly influenced by the Chinese.

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  • Liuqiu (medieval) (en)
  • 流求國 (zh)
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  • The Liuqiu or Lewchew of the Book of Sui and other medieval Chinese texts was a realm said to have existed in the East China Sea. During the 18th and 19th centuries, it was referred to as Liukiu in English; and, Lieou-kieou in French. It is variously identified with Taiwan Island, the Penghu or Pescadore Islands, and the Ryukyu Archipelago. While this small independent kingdom of seafaring traders was similar to the settlements found in Japan's southern islands, its culture was more strongly influenced by the Chinese. (en)
  • 流求國或稱琉求,是唐朝史家魏徵和令狐德棻等在《隋書·東夷》和《隋書·卷64 陳稜》中所提到在隋朝時期位於東方海上的一個島國,其住民被倭人稱作夷邪久國人。根據該史料的記載,在公元7世紀初(大業年間),隋煬帝得知此島後派遣兩名武將到流求國招降,當地人反抗但被擊敗,大王歡斯渴刺兜及小王都被殺,其住民的數千名男女被捕回隋。後來此島的相似名稱「瑠求」出現在元朝時期,載於《元史·外夷三》、《元史·世祖十三》和《元史·成宗三》。 元世祖至元二十八年九月,曾遣使自澎湖巡檢司出发宣撫瑠求,渡海遇到一个「山长而低者」的地方,使臣認定到達瑠求,但跟當地人語言不通,登陸的兩百餘人中有三人遭到殺害,無功而返。元成宗元贞三年二月,福建省平章政事高兴言:「今立省泉州,距瑠求为近,可伺其消息,或宜招宜伐,不必它调兵力,兴请就近试之。」九月,高兴遣省都镇抚、福州新军万户赴瑠求国,生擒一百三十余人而返。第二年正月,又将所俘瑠求人放回,要他们歸顺元朝,此後不了了之。元朝汪大淵的《島夷志略》則稱「琉球」,文中提及「自彭湖望之甚近」,對於琉球峙山的描述被認為是指今高雄的壽山,並略述其地的物產(其中硫磺與臺灣早期的物產相對應)和原住民的獵頭之類習俗。 (zh)
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  • Lióucióu (en)
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  • The Liuqiu or Lewchew of the Book of Sui and other medieval Chinese texts was a realm said to have existed in the East China Sea. During the 18th and 19th centuries, it was referred to as Liukiu in English; and, Lieou-kieou in French. It is variously identified with Taiwan Island, the Penghu or Pescadore Islands, and the Ryukyu Archipelago. While this small independent kingdom of seafaring traders was similar to the settlements found in Japan's southern islands, its culture was more strongly influenced by the Chinese. (en)
  • 流求國或稱琉求,是唐朝史家魏徵和令狐德棻等在《隋書·東夷》和《隋書·卷64 陳稜》中所提到在隋朝時期位於東方海上的一個島國,其住民被倭人稱作夷邪久國人。根據該史料的記載,在公元7世紀初(大業年間),隋煬帝得知此島後派遣兩名武將到流求國招降,當地人反抗但被擊敗,大王歡斯渴刺兜及小王都被殺,其住民的數千名男女被捕回隋。後來此島的相似名稱「瑠求」出現在元朝時期,載於《元史·外夷三》、《元史·世祖十三》和《元史·成宗三》。 元世祖至元二十八年九月,曾遣使自澎湖巡檢司出发宣撫瑠求,渡海遇到一个「山长而低者」的地方,使臣認定到達瑠求,但跟當地人語言不通,登陸的兩百餘人中有三人遭到殺害,無功而返。元成宗元贞三年二月,福建省平章政事高兴言:「今立省泉州,距瑠求为近,可伺其消息,或宜招宜伐,不必它调兵力,兴请就近试之。」九月,高兴遣省都镇抚、福州新军万户赴瑠求国,生擒一百三十余人而返。第二年正月,又将所俘瑠求人放回,要他们歸顺元朝,此後不了了之。元朝汪大淵的《島夷志略》則稱「琉球」,文中提及「自彭湖望之甚近」,對於琉球峙山的描述被認為是指今高雄的壽山,並略述其地的物產(其中硫磺與臺灣早期的物產相對應)和原住民的獵頭之類習俗。 法國學者於1874年認為這個流求國就是今天的臺灣,可能是依循《元史·琉求》的記載「在南海之東。漳泉興福四界內彭湖諸島,與琉求相對」。梁嘉彬在1958年發表〈吳志孫權傳夷洲亶洲考證〉,以東洋針路、季風、洋流等佐證質疑吳國發現臺灣的說法,提出隋代的流求應是指今天的琉球群島,這是最早提出來的反對觀點。另有史明等認為,當時隋代的流求應該是泛指琉球群島及台灣等,中國以東海中的一連串島嶼。 (zh)
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