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In mathematics, the Loewner differential equation, or Loewner equation, is an ordinary differential equation discovered by Charles Loewner in 1923 in complex analysis and geometric function theory. Originally introduced for studying slit mappings (conformal mappings of the open disk onto the complex plane with a curve joining 0 to ∞ removed), Loewner's method was later developed in 1943 by the Russian mathematician Pavel Parfenevich Kufarev (1909–1968). Any family of domains in the complex plane that expands continuously in the sense of Carathéodory to the whole plane leads to a one parameter family of conformal mappings, called a Loewner chain, as well as a two parameter family of holomorphic univalent self-mappings of the unit disk, called a Loewner semigroup. This semigroup corresponds

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  • レヴナー微分方程式 (ja)
  • Loewner differential equation (en)
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  • In mathematics, the Loewner differential equation, or Loewner equation, is an ordinary differential equation discovered by Charles Loewner in 1923 in complex analysis and geometric function theory. Originally introduced for studying slit mappings (conformal mappings of the open disk onto the complex plane with a curve joining 0 to ∞ removed), Loewner's method was later developed in 1943 by the Russian mathematician Pavel Parfenevich Kufarev (1909–1968). Any family of domains in the complex plane that expands continuously in the sense of Carathéodory to the whole plane leads to a one parameter family of conformal mappings, called a Loewner chain, as well as a two parameter family of holomorphic univalent self-mappings of the unit disk, called a Loewner semigroup. This semigroup corresponds (en)
  • 数学では、レヴナー微分方程式(Loewner differential equation)、あるいは、レヴナー方程式(Loewner equation)とは、1923年に(Charles Loewner)により複素解析と(geometric function theory)の中で発見された。もともとは、スリット写像（0 と ∞ をつなぐ曲線を持つ複素平面上への開円板(open disk)からの共形写像を研究するために導入されたのであるが、レヴナーの方法は、後日、ロシアの数学者 Pavel Parfenevich Kufarev (1909–1968) により再発見された。カラテオドリ(Constantin Carathéodory)の意味で連続的に全平面へ拡張された複素平面内の領域の族は、レヴナーチェーン(Loewner chain)と呼ばれる 1係数の共形写像の族を導き出す。これは、レヴナー半群(Loewner semigroup)と呼ばれる単位円板の正則で単葉な自己写像と同様である。この半群が正の実部を持つ円板上の正則函数の 1係数の族によって時間独立な正則ベクトル場に対応する。レヴナーの半群は、単葉な半群の考え方を一般化したものである。 (ja)
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  • In mathematics, the Loewner differential equation, or Loewner equation, is an ordinary differential equation discovered by Charles Loewner in 1923 in complex analysis and geometric function theory. Originally introduced for studying slit mappings (conformal mappings of the open disk onto the complex plane with a curve joining 0 to ∞ removed), Loewner's method was later developed in 1943 by the Russian mathematician Pavel Parfenevich Kufarev (1909–1968). Any family of domains in the complex plane that expands continuously in the sense of Carathéodory to the whole plane leads to a one parameter family of conformal mappings, called a Loewner chain, as well as a two parameter family of holomorphic univalent self-mappings of the unit disk, called a Loewner semigroup. This semigroup corresponds to a time dependent holomorphic vector field on the disk given by a one parameter family of holomorphic functions on the disk with positive real part. The Loewner semigroup generalizes the notion of a univalent semigroup. The Loewner differential equation has led to inequalities for univalent functions that played an important role in the solution of the Bieberbach conjecture by Louis de Branges in 1985. Loewner himself used his techniques in 1923 for proving the conjecture for the third coefficient. The Schramm–Loewner equation, a stochastic generalization of the Loewner differential equation discovered by Oded Schramm in the late 1990s, has been extensively developed in probability theory and conformal field theory. (en)
  • 数学では、レヴナー微分方程式(Loewner differential equation)、あるいは、レヴナー方程式(Loewner equation)とは、1923年に(Charles Loewner)により複素解析と(geometric function theory)の中で発見された。もともとは、スリット写像（0 と ∞ をつなぐ曲線を持つ複素平面上への開円板(open disk)からの共形写像を研究するために導入されたのであるが、レヴナーの方法は、後日、ロシアの数学者 Pavel Parfenevich Kufarev (1909–1968) により再発見された。カラテオドリ(Constantin Carathéodory)の意味で連続的に全平面へ拡張された複素平面内の領域の族は、レヴナーチェーン(Loewner chain)と呼ばれる 1係数の共形写像の族を導き出す。これは、レヴナー半群(Loewner semigroup)と呼ばれる単位円板の正則で単葉な自己写像と同様である。この半群が正の実部を持つ円板上の正則函数の 1係数の族によって時間独立な正則ベクトル場に対応する。レヴナーの半群は、単葉な半群の考え方を一般化したものである。 レヴナー微分方程式は、1985年にルイ・ド・ブランジュ(Louis de Branges)によってビーベルバッハ予想が証明されたことでも重要な役割を演じた単葉函数の不等式を導く。レブナー自身は、予想の第三項を証明するため、1923年にこのテクニックを使った。1990年代の終わりにオデッド・シュラム(Oded Schramm)により発見されたレヴナー微分方程式の確率論的な一般化であるシュラム・レヴナー発展は、確率論や共形場理論で、飛躍的に発展している。 (ja)
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