Maria Backenecker (born Maria Scharnetzki; 20 March 1893 - 24 December 1931) was a German politician (KPD) and feminist activist. She was elected to the Reichstag (national parliament) in 1924, but was expelled from the party early in 1927 during the course of one of its periodic outbursts of internal division. Her life and political career were cut short by Tuberculosis.