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Martín Alhaja was a Spanish shepherd who aided the Castilian King Alfonso VIII during the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 A.D. Alhaja, who knew the area, to herd his sheep had placed a cow skull on the path that led to the field behind the Moors and onto the battlefield. The Spanish Christian King surprised the Moorish army and defeated them. This was the first significant victory for the Christian Spanish during their reconquest of Spain.

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  • El pastor de Las Navas (es)
  • Martín Alhaja (en)
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  • El pastor de Las Navas fue un personaje de la historia medieval de España que tuvo una intervención fugaz pero decisiva en vísperas de la batalla de las Navas de Tolosa de 1212, guiando por camino seguro a las tropas cristianas de Alfonso VIII a través de Sierra Morena hasta el campamento musulmán de Miramamolín. (es)
  • Martín Alhaja was a Spanish shepherd who aided the Castilian King Alfonso VIII during the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 A.D. Alhaja, who knew the area, to herd his sheep had placed a cow skull on the path that led to the field behind the Moors and onto the battlefield. The Spanish Christian King surprised the Moorish army and defeated them. This was the first significant victory for the Christian Spanish during their reconquest of Spain. (en)
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  • El pastor de Las Navas fue un personaje de la historia medieval de España que tuvo una intervención fugaz pero decisiva en vísperas de la batalla de las Navas de Tolosa de 1212, guiando por camino seguro a las tropas cristianas de Alfonso VIII a través de Sierra Morena hasta el campamento musulmán de Miramamolín. La ausencia de datos históricos concretos que hay sobre este personaje y la diversidad de opiniones que posteriormente se formaron sobre su oportuna intervención, hicieron de él un objeto de leyenda y de controversia historiográfica: mencionado en las crónicas contemporáneas como un simple pastor de ganado, lo providencial de su aparición llevó poco después a considerarle un enviado divino; de nombre desconocido, tres siglos después del episodio se le asignaron los de Martín Alhaja o Martín Malo, y cien años más tarde numerosos autores comenzaron a identificarle con San Isidro. (es)
  • Martín Alhaja was a Spanish shepherd who aided the Castilian King Alfonso VIII during the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 A.D. Alhaja, who knew the area, to herd his sheep had placed a cow skull on the path that led to the field behind the Moors and onto the battlefield. The Spanish Christian King surprised the Moorish army and defeated them. This was the first significant victory for the Christian Spanish during their reconquest of Spain. For his assistance, King Alfonso VIII gave Alhaja the title "Cabeza de Vaca", which means "head of a cow". He was awarded a coat-of-arms that included cow skulls in its design. He is the maternal ancestor of explorer Cabeza de Vaca. (en)
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