Micronucleus is the name given to the small nucleus that forms whenever a chromosome or a fragment of a chromosome is not incorporated into one of the daughter nuclei during cell division. It usually is a sign of genotoxic events and chromosomal instability. Micronuclei are commonly seen in cancerous cells and may indicate genomic damage events that can increase the risk of developmental or degenerative diseases. Micronuclei form during anaphase from lagging acentric chromosome or chromatid fragments caused by incorrectly repaired or unrepaired DNA breaks or by nondisjunction of chromosomes. This incorrect segregation of chromosomes may result from hypomethylation of repeat sequences present in pericentromeric DNA, irregularities in kinetochore proteins or their assembly, dysfunctional spi
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| - Micronúcleos (es)
- Micronoyau (biologie cellulaire) (fr)
- Micronucleus (en)
- Micronúcleo (pt)
- Микроядро (цитология) (ru)
- 小核 (zh)
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| - Un micronúcleo hace referencia a un núcleo de tamaño reducido que se genera cuando un cromosoma o un fragmento de cromosoma no se incorpora a la célula hija durante la división celular. Generalmente es resultado de eventos genotóxicos e inestabilidad genómica. Los micronúcleos se pueden identificar frecuentemente en células tumorales. Los micronúcleos surgen como resultado de defectos en la segregación mitótica o errores en la replicación del ADN que generan fragmentos de cromosomas acéntricos. La formación de estas estructuras nucleares aberrantes puede contribuir a la generación de inestabilidad genómica mediante procesos de cromotripsis. (es)
- Micronúcleo é o resultado de uma mutação a nível cromossômico, ou seja a fragmentação deste cromossomo, no qual gera a formação de um pequeno núcleo ao lado do núcleo original da célula. O nome dado, micronúcleo, é devido a sua morfologia e composição parecida com o núcleo normal da célula, que após sofrer esta mutação, no processo de mitose, gera células filhas com dois núcleos, um normal e outro pequeno (micronúcleo) que é dotado de fragmentos dos cromossomos que sofreram a mutação. Como marcador genéticoo micronúcleo é utilizado para verificar se há mutação nos indivíduos e se esta mutação é capaz de fragmentar o cromossomo. (pt)
- Микроядро — в цитологии фрагмент ядра в эукариотической клетке, не содержащий полного генома, необходимого для её выживания. Является патологической структурой и может наблюдаться в клетках любых тканей. Обычно микроядра образуются в результате неправильного хода клеточного деления или фрагментации ядра в процессе апоптоза. Другое значение — ядро в составе клетки простейших, принадлежащих к типу инфузории. Данные простейшие отличаются ядерным дуализмом: наличием крупного вегетативного ядра — макронуклеуса (макроядро), и генеративного ядра — микронуклеуса (микроядро). (ru)
- 小核（英語：Micronucleus）是指原生动物纤毛虫类细胞中含有的两个核中较小的那个核，具有遗传功能。 (zh)
- Micronucleus is the name given to the small nucleus that forms whenever a chromosome or a fragment of a chromosome is not incorporated into one of the daughter nuclei during cell division. It usually is a sign of genotoxic events and chromosomal instability. Micronuclei are commonly seen in cancerous cells and may indicate genomic damage events that can increase the risk of developmental or degenerative diseases. Micronuclei form during anaphase from lagging acentric chromosome or chromatid fragments caused by incorrectly repaired or unrepaired DNA breaks or by nondisjunction of chromosomes. This incorrect segregation of chromosomes may result from hypomethylation of repeat sequences present in pericentromeric DNA, irregularities in kinetochore proteins or their assembly, dysfunctional spi (en)
- En biologie cellulaire, un micronoyau (ou micronucléus) est une « entité nucléaire » dans une cellule vivante, qui s'est formée anormalement hors du noyau cellulaire (il peut y avoir plusieurs micronoyaux dans une même cellule). (fr)
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| - Un micronúcleo hace referencia a un núcleo de tamaño reducido que se genera cuando un cromosoma o un fragmento de cromosoma no se incorpora a la célula hija durante la división celular. Generalmente es resultado de eventos genotóxicos e inestabilidad genómica. Los micronúcleos se pueden identificar frecuentemente en células tumorales. Los micronúcleos surgen como resultado de defectos en la segregación mitótica o errores en la replicación del ADN que generan fragmentos de cromosomas acéntricos. La formación de estas estructuras nucleares aberrantes puede contribuir a la generación de inestabilidad genómica mediante procesos de cromotripsis. (es)
- En biologie cellulaire, un micronoyau (ou micronucléus) est une « entité nucléaire » dans une cellule vivante, qui s'est formée anormalement hors du noyau cellulaire (il peut y avoir plusieurs micronoyaux dans une même cellule). Ce dommage intracellulaire est stable (il persistera durant toute la durée de vie de la cellule, associé à un effet mutagène, et parfois cancérogène). Dans les cellules à vie longue (ex : neurone), il a une rémanence longue. Cette anomalie chromosomique peut nuire au fonctionnellement de la cellule et parfois provoquer sa mort (apoptose) ou initier une tumeur ou un cancer. (fr)
- Micronucleus is the name given to the small nucleus that forms whenever a chromosome or a fragment of a chromosome is not incorporated into one of the daughter nuclei during cell division. It usually is a sign of genotoxic events and chromosomal instability. Micronuclei are commonly seen in cancerous cells and may indicate genomic damage events that can increase the risk of developmental or degenerative diseases. Micronuclei form during anaphase from lagging acentric chromosome or chromatid fragments caused by incorrectly repaired or unrepaired DNA breaks or by nondisjunction of chromosomes. This incorrect segregation of chromosomes may result from hypomethylation of repeat sequences present in pericentromeric DNA, irregularities in kinetochore proteins or their assembly, dysfunctional spindle apparatus, or flawed anaphase checkpoint genes. Micronuclei can contribute to genome instability by promoting a catastrophic mutational event called chromothripsis. Many micronucleus assays have been developed to test for the presence of these structures and determine their frequency in cells exposed to certain chemicals or subjected to stressful conditions. The term micronucleus may also refer to the smaller nucleus in ciliate protozoans, such as the Paramecium. In mitosis it divides by fission, and in conjugation a pair of gamete micronuclei undergo reciprocal fusion to form a zygote nucleus, which gives rise to the macronuclei and micronuclei of the individuals of the next cycle of fission. (en)
- Micronúcleo é o resultado de uma mutação a nível cromossômico, ou seja a fragmentação deste cromossomo, no qual gera a formação de um pequeno núcleo ao lado do núcleo original da célula. O nome dado, micronúcleo, é devido a sua morfologia e composição parecida com o núcleo normal da célula, que após sofrer esta mutação, no processo de mitose, gera células filhas com dois núcleos, um normal e outro pequeno (micronúcleo) que é dotado de fragmentos dos cromossomos que sofreram a mutação. Como marcador genéticoo micronúcleo é utilizado para verificar se há mutação nos indivíduos e se esta mutação é capaz de fragmentar o cromossomo. (pt)
- Микроядро — в цитологии фрагмент ядра в эукариотической клетке, не содержащий полного генома, необходимого для её выживания. Является патологической структурой и может наблюдаться в клетках любых тканей. Обычно микроядра образуются в результате неправильного хода клеточного деления или фрагментации ядра в процессе апоптоза. Другое значение — ядро в составе клетки простейших, принадлежащих к типу инфузории. Данные простейшие отличаются ядерным дуализмом: наличием крупного вегетативного ядра — макронуклеуса (макроядро), и генеративного ядра — микронуклеуса (микроядро). (ru)
- 小核（英語：Micronucleus）是指原生动物纤毛虫类细胞中含有的两个核中较小的那个核，具有遗传功能。 (zh)
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